Skin
Body's largest organ, which forms the external protective layer of the body
Epidermis
Outermost layer of the skin, composed of 5 layers
Dermis
Underlying, or inner, layer of the skin
Stratum Granulosum
Granules (almost dead cells) are on the their way to the surface of the skin to replace cells that are shed from the stratum corneum
Stratum Corneum
Also known as the horny layer, toughest layer of the epidermis is and is composed of keratin protein cells that are continually shed and continually replaced by new cells
Acid Mantle
Keeps the skin smooth, prevents diet and grime from entering the outer layer of the epidermis, and also prevents the skin from drying or chapping
Sebum
A complex secretion containing a high percentage of fatty, oily substances
Perspiration
The process of sweating
Sudoriferous Glands
Sweat glands, controlled by the nervous system of the body
Sebaceous Glands
Oil Glands, controlled by the nervous system and are sac-like Glands that are attached
Leukoderma
Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches; caused by burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells
Seborrhea
Skin condition caused by an abnormal increase of secretion from all sebaceous glands
Asteatosis
Condition of dry, scaly skin due to deficiency or absence of sebum; caused by old age and by exposure to cold
Steatosis
(Fatty change) process describing the abnormal retention of lipids within a cell
Furuncles
Technical name for (boil), skim abscesses caused by staphylococcal infection, which involve a hair follicle and surrounding tissue
Carbuncles
Clusters of furuncles connected subcutaneously, causing deeper suppurations and scarring
Anhidrosis
Deficiency in perspiration, often result of fever or certain skin diseases
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness
Bromidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet
Milia
White heads
Rosacea
Chronic congestion appearing primarily on the cheeks and nose, characterized by redness, dilation of the blood vessels, and the formation of papules and pustules
Benefits of Facial Massage
Relaxing muscles, soothing nerves, correcting minor skin problems, improving circulation, and enhancing healthy skin
Conditioner Fillers
Used to recondition damaged hair prior to a color service
Color Fillers
Used of damaged hair and when there is a question on whether or not the color will hold, such as with porous hair
Size of Color Molecules as they Relate to Longevity of the Color
Smallest molecule, the red pigments, worm their way much deeper into the hair than larger molecules, the blue pigments
Temporary Hair Color
(Color rinses), remain on hair until next shampoo
Semi-Permanent Hair Color
Glosses or color enhancers, penetrate the cuticle and enter the cortex, gradually fade with each shampoo
Demi-Permanent Hair Color
Deposits Color, but usually doesn't lighten hair. Fades 6-8 weeks
Permanent Hair Color
Lightens and deposits Color. Permanent
Aniline Derivative
Containing small uncolored dyes that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger permanent dye molecules within the cortex
Paraphenylenediamine
Dye intermediate found in permanent dye, derivative of aniline
Oxidative Color
Are mixed with a developer to create a chemical change that has a longer lasting effect
Patch Test
Test of product on skin 24 hours or more prior to a color service to test if an allergy is present
Lighteners
Decolorization. On-the-scalp and Off-the-scalp
Cells
Basic units of living matter (life). Composed of protoplasm
Tissues
Groups of cells of the same kind. Epithelial, connective, nerve, muscular, and liquid.
Organs
Separate body structures that perform specific functions. Composed of two or more different tissues.
Systems
Group of body structures and/or organs that, together, perform one or more vital functions for the body
Occipital Bone
Bone that forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area
Parietal Bones
Two bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head
Temporal Bones
Two bones located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bones
Sphenoid
Located behind the eyes and nose and connects all the bones of the cranium
Ethmoid
Spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity
Zygomatic and Malar
Two bones that form the upper cheek and the bottom of the eye socket
Lacrimal
Smallest two bones of the facial skeleton and form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket
Proper Manipulation of a Muscle in a Massage
Light facial massage, when applying certain products; effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, and friction
Corrugator
Located between the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward
Orbicularis Oculi
Circles the eye socket and functions to close the eyelid
Buccinator
Located between the jaws and cheek, is responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing
Deltoid Muscles
Covers the shoulder, triangular-shaped muscle lifts the arm or turns it
Atrium
Right and left upper chambers of the heart which blood is passed to the ventricles.
Ventricle
Two main chambers of the heart, left and right. Receives blood from the atrium.
Leukocytes
White blood cells or white corpuscles, fight bacteria and other foreign substances and increase in number when infection invades the body
Plasma
Fluid part of the blood on which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended, to be carried throughout the body by this liquids flow. About 90% water
Hemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells: attracts oxygen molecules through a process known as oxygenation
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells, red corpuscles, carry oxygen and contain a protein called hemoglobin.
Trifacial Nerve
Largest of cranial nerves, mixed nerves primarily responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and for controlling the muscle movements of chewing (mastication). Divides into 3 main branches
Trigeminal (fifth cranial nerve)
Primarily responsible for transmitting sensation from the face to the brain
Seventh Cranial Nerve
Emerges from the brain stem between the pons and the medulla; controls the muscles of facial expression and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity
Afferent Nerve
(Sensory) carry messages to the brain and spinal cord determine our sense of smell, sight, touch, hearing, and taste
Efferent
(Motor) carry messages from the brain to the muscles, when the brain sends a message, motor nerves receive the message and cause a muscle to contract or expand
Axon
Long and short threadlike fibers than extend from nerves
Dendrtite Nerve
Branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project
Temporal Nerve
Extends to the muscle of the temple, the side of the forehead, they eyebrow, and upper cheek
Electricity
A form of energy that produced light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes
Resistance
Measure of difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor
Amperage
Unit of electric strength, number of electrons flowing on a line
Anaphoresis
Uses a negative pole (cathode) or electrode to force negatively charged (alkaline) solutions into the skin without breaking the skin
Cataphoresis
Uses a positive pole (anode) or electrode to force positively charged (acidic) solutions into the skin without breaking the skin
Ionophoresis
Introduces water-soluble treatment products into the skin
Chemistry
Scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter
Matter
Anything that occupies space
Solid
Matter with definite weight, volume, and shape
Liquid
Matter with definite wight and volume but no definite shape
Gas
Matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape
COHNS (5 elements that make up hair, skin, and nails)
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Matrix of the Nail
Part of nail bed that extends beneath nail root and contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels to nourish
Nail Root
At base of nail, imbedded underneath the skin
Lunula
Half moon
Onychia
Inflammation of nail matrix accompanied by pus
Eponychium
Extension of cuticle at base of the nail body that partly overlaps the lunula
Hyponychium
Epidermis under the free edge
Perionychium
Skin that touches, overlaps and surround the nail
Mantle
Deep fold of the skin in which nail root is embedded
Nail Groove
Slit or tracks on each side of nail upon which nail moves as it grows
Tinea Manus
Ringworm of the hand (fungus)
Tinea Pedis
Athletes foot" or ringworm of the foot (fungus)
Leuconychia
White spots
Acrylic Nails
Used to improve the appearance of ones nails and help to conceal broken nails
Fiberglass
Type of nail wraps; adhere to nail; they have a hollowed area on one end called the nail well, which is attached to the natural nail; plastic extension