Which of the following structures are considered appendages of the skin?
a. Cells
b. Nails
c. Bones
d. Muscles
Nails
The Primary purpose of the free edge of the nail is to
a. beautify the fingertip
b. hold moisture in the nail
c. protect the sebaceous glands
d. protect the tip of the finger and / or toe
d. protect the tip of the finger and / or toe
The fold on either side of the nail groove are called the
a. nail bed
b nail wall
c. nail plate
d. perionychium
B. nail wall
The lunula is the half-moon shape at the base of the nail square that appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the:
a. nail matrix and nail bed meet
b. nail root and nail cuticle meet
c. nail wall and nail grooves meet
nail grooves an
a. nail matrix and nail bed meet
What is the nail structure that overlaps the lunua at the base of the nail?
a. mantle
b. eponychium
c. perionychium
b. eponychium
The loose and pliable overlapping skin around the nail is the:
a. cuticle
b. nail wall
c. leuconychia
a. cuticle
The active tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward from the root to the nail is called the nail:
a. plate
b. mantle
c. matrix
c. matrix
Attached at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle is the:
a. nail root
b. free edge
c. hyponychium
a. nail root
What is the deep pocket like area that holds the root and the matrix of the nail?
a. onyx
b. lunula
c. mantle
c. mantle
Which nail structure consists of many nerves and blood vessels that supply nourishment?
a. nail bed
b. nail plate
c. nail lunula
a. nail bed
The nail bed is attached to the bone by:
a. cells
b. nerves
c. ligaments
c. ligaments
The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows are called the nail:
a. roots
b. edges
c. grooves
c. grooves
What is the skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail?
a. lunula
b. cuticle
c. perionychium
c. perionychium
The skin under the free edge of the nail is the:
a. lunula
b. nail root
c. hyponychium
c. hyponychium
Which of the following conditions does NOT indicate a decreasing rate of nail growth?
a. aging
b. winter
c. summer
c. summer
Under normal conditions, the growth of a new nail plate takes approximately:
a. 1 year
b. 2 years
c. 4 to 6 month
c. 4-6 months
Permanent distoration can occue if the nail is lost due to trauma and:
a. as one ages
b. when the nail bed and the matrix are injured
c. when the nail grooves are injured
b. when the nail bed and the matrix and injured
What is the average growth rate of nails in adults?
a. 1/8 in. per month
b. 1/4 in per month
c. 1/3 in per month
a. 1/8 in per month
Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called:
a. onychois
b. etiology
c. onychomycois
b. onychois
Nail with a sign of disease require:
a. hot oil treatments
b. referral to a physician
c. blood spill procedures
b. referral to a physician
A healthy nail is smooth, curved, translucent, pinkish in color and:
a. is slightly rough
b. is filled deep into the corners
c. is without hollows or wavy ridges
c. is without hollows or wavy ridges
The technical name for the diseases referred to as ringworm of the nail is:
a. tinea pedis
b. paronychia
c. onychomycosis
c. onychomycosis
Tinea pedias appears as itching and peeling of the skin on the feet and must be:
a. referred to a physician
b. treated with a weekly pedicure
c. soaked in anti-septic, then dried thoroughly
a. referred to a physician
Which of the following nail diseases is NOT caused by fungus?
a. tinea pedis
b. tinea manus
c. onychatrophia
c. onychatrophia
All of the following descriptions identify possible causes of paronychia EXPECT:
a. fungus
b. infected hangnail
c. bacterial infection
a. fungus
Onychia is an inflammation of the:
a. cuticle
b. nail wall
c. nail matrix
c. nail matrix
Systemic, long-term illness or nervous disturbance can cause:
a. furrows
b. hangnails
c. spoon nails
c. spoon nails
Vertical lines down the nail plate that may be caused by illness or injury are called:
a. roots
b. furrows
c. grooves
b. furrows
An increased curvature of the nail indicates:
a. blue nails
b. kolionychia
c. onychogryposis
c. onychogryposis
The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail grooves causing ingrown nails is called:
a. onychauxis
b. onychocryptosis
c. leuconychia
b. onychocryptosis
Trimming toenails straight across can help avoid:
a. split nails
b. rough nails
c. ingrown nails
c. ingrown nails
What is another name for onychauxis?
a. hypertophy
b. hangnails
c. pterygium
a. hypertophy
A thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail is called:
a. onychia
b. onychauxis
c. tinea manus
b. onychauxis
What condition results when the cuticle becomes overly dry and splits?
a. tinea
b. matrix
c. hangnail
c. hangnail
Blood trapped under nails is a condition referred to as:
a. onychauxis
b. hypertrophy
c. bruised nails
c. bruised nails
Small white spots in the nail which may be caused by an injury are called:
a. agnails
b. leuconychia
c. hypertrophy
b. leuconychia
Ptergium of the nail can occur at either the hyponychium or at the:
a. nail wall
b. nail root
c. eponychium
c. eponychium
What would be the correct response if a client arrives for a manicure and exibits signs of onychophagy?
a. refure to perform the manicure
b. referrer the client to a physician
c. offer to perform a weekly nail service, including polish
c. offer to perform a weekly nail service, including polish
Which of the following conditions is caused by a nervous habit?
a. onychauxis
b. onychophagy
c. onychorrhexis
b. onychophagy
Improper filing, injuries or harsh chemicals could be causes of:
a. fungus
b. split ends
c. hangnails
b. split ends
Onychorrhexis is a term indicating:
a. bitten nails
b. bruised nails
c. split or brittle nails
c. split or brittle nails
What is the nail condition that can be caused by trapped moisture and indicated by a yellow discoloration that turns black and begins to smell bad?
a. brusing
b. nail fungus
c. a pigmentation problem
c. a pigmentation problem
Discoloration of the nail can indicate serious problems in which of the following parts of the nail?
a. lunula
b. cuticle
c. mantle
b. cuticle
Upon discovery of a nail fungus on a client's hands or feet, the salon professional needs to:
a. refer client to a physician
b. disinfect your entire station
c. dip hands in disinfectant
a. refer client to a physician
What is the job of the manicurist when determing the shape of the client's nails?
a. enhance the client's natural nail shape
b. strive for square nails since they are the strongest
c. conform client's nails to your preferance
a. enchance the client's natural nail shape
An implement that shortens, shapens, and smoothes rough edges of natural nails is called:
a. tweezers
b. emery board
c. orangewood stick
b. emery board
What product may be used to remove nail stains?
a. hand lotion
b. parafin wax
c. hydrogen peroxide
c. hydrogen peroxide
What is the function of a nail dryer when used during a nail service?
a. create a colored effect
b. remove stains and whitten teeth
c. aid in fast drying and protection from being sticky or dull
c. aid in fast drying and protection from being sticky or dull
The finger bowl should contain warm water and:
a. bleach
b. bath oil
c. liquid soap
c. liquid soap
What is generally the wattage for a bulb found in a lamp used for close detail work?
a. 40 watt
b. 60 watt
c. 75 watt
a. 40 watt
Which of the following steps describes the proper disinfecting procedure for implements following use in a manicure service?
a. air dry implements before wiping them clean
b. wipe implements clean then store in a dry cabinet
c. wash implements with soap a
c. wash implements with soap and water before placing in a disinfectant
How often should the soaking solution for the finger bowl be replaced?
a. once daily
b. once a week
c. after every cleint
c. after every client
How should implements involved in a blood spill incident be handled?
a. discard the implements
b. double-bag the implements and discard
c. disinfect implements with a broad spectrum disinfectant
c. disinfect implements with a broad spectrum disinfectant
When removing polish from the nails, work from:
a. tip to base
b. base to tip
c. center to outside
b. base to tip
When it is appropriate to offer a hand massage during a manicure?
a. prior to polishing the nails
b. after applying the nail polish
c. propt to cleaning under the free edge of the nail
a. propr to polisjing the nails
When performing a manicure you must remove any traces of oil, lotion or cream:
a. before applying base coat
b. before applying color polish
c. before applying top coat
a. before applying base coat
How should nail polish be applied?
a. a cotton call
b. using a heavy first coat
c. using light sweeping strokes
c. using light sweeping strokes
What should you use to remove excess polish at the free edge of the nail?
a. an orangewood stick wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover
b. an emery board
c. your thumb
a. an orangewood stick wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover
The manicurist will apply nail polish:
a. over the sealer
b. over the base coat
c. over the clean nail bed
b. over the base coat
During the massage portion of a pedicure service apply pressure to the muscular tissue on either side of the:
a. the thigh
b. the ankle
c. the shinbone
c. the shinbone
Brittle or dry, aging hands could recieve some benefit from:
a. medication
b. fresh polish
c. hot oil or cream manicuring
c. hot oil or cream manicuring
Following an acrylic nail service, brushes should be cleaned:
a. in water only
b. within two days
c. in brush cleaner
c. in brush cleaner
Because most nail product vapors are flammable:
a. no cell phones should be in use
b. smoking should not be allowed in the salon
c. all clients should be required to wear paper masks
b. smoking should not be allowed in the salon
Avoid the use of acetone polish remover on:
a. hangnails
b. acrylic nails
c. plastic nail tips
c. plastic nail tips
How much of the nail bed should a nail tip cover?
a. 1.8 to 1/4
b. 1/3 to 1/2
c. entire surface
b 1/3 to 1/2
A dehydrant is used to help remove moisture and oil and to prevent the growth of:
a. fungus
b. bacteria
c. matrix cells
b. bacteria
When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail during the sculpture service?
a. before applying the nail form
b. before washing and sanitizing the hands
c. after applying an acrylic bead on the nail
a. before applying the nail form
After applying the dehydrant and primer during a sculptured nail service, you should:
a. form an acrylic bead
b. moisten the area to allow better adherence
c. saturate area
a. form an acrylic bead
Re-balancing the nail during a fill in nail service means to file and buff the nail to blend:
a. top coat and polish
b. base coat and polish
c. remaning acrylic to new growth area
c. remaining acrylic to new growth area
If a nail fungus is found prior to performing a fill in nail service which of the following steps should be taken?
a. file the cuticle
b. remove the artificia nail
c. apply base coat and polish
b. remove the artificial nail