Which of the following ECGs indicates myocardial ischemia?
ST Segment Depression
All the gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues occur in:
Capillaries
The back flow of blood from left ventricle to the left atrium is prevented by the:
Bicuspid Valve
Diastolic Pressure provides an indication of:
Peripheral Resistance
The pacemaker potential of the heart is indicated by:
Inherent leakage of Na+
The earliest gains in strength training is primarily due to:
All of the above
As exercise intensity increases:
Viscera blood flow decreases
The ___ represents ventricular contraction during a recording of ECG of the heart.
QRS complex
The volume of gas that reaches the respiratory zone (gas-exchange zone) of the lung is termed:
Alveolar ventrilation
Which is the predominant factor in Fick's law of gas diffusion?
Partial pressure between the two sides of the tissue.
During incremental exercise, ventilation increases as a linear function of oxygen uptake up to a point known as ___ where the ventilation increases exponentially.
Ventilatory threshold
During exercise, the increase in ventilation would ___.
All of the above
Baroreceptors are located in ___.
Carotid Sinus
Which of the following factors does NOT cause an increase in stroke volume during strenuous exercise?
Increase in heart rate
During exercise an increase in alveolar ventilation serves to lower arterial PCO2 and maintain normal blood pH. True or False?
True
The right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve indicates the decrease in oxygen affinity to hemoglobin. True or False?
True
At rest, inhalation is cause by diaphragm relaxation. True or False?
False
Which of the following is a characteristic of myocardium?
All of the above
In order to meet the increased oxygen demands of the active skeletal muscles during exercise, what adjustments in blood should be made?
Increase in cardiac output and a redistribution of blood flow from inactive tissue to the active skeletal muscles.
The most important variable that determines resistance to blood flow is ___.
The radius of the vessel
Which of the following ejection fractions of the heart indicates depression of myocardial contraction?
<55%
The function of the barareflex is to ___.
Normalize blood pressure
Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate ejection fraction?
Ejection Fraction = SV/EDV
Which of the following factors would cause a decrease in EDV during high-intensity exercise?
Increased Heart Rate
Which of the following factors causes an increase in blood flow the most in the active skeletal muscles during exercise?
Increase in Sympathetic Nervous Activity
During a prolonged exercise (2 hours) in a hot weather and no water intake available, the hematocrit of the athlete would be ___.
Increased
Exercise at the intensity of ___ VO2 max induces the greatest stroke volume.
40-60%
The fact that an increase in EDV increases the stroke volume of the heart is an illustration of ___.
The decrease in total peripheral resistance
Which of the following is NOT a right cardiovascular response of a healthy individual to a dynamic exercise?
Increase in diastolic blood pressure
Compared with a leg exercise at the same workload, arm exercise tends to induce ___.
Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
During heavy exercise, the heart may spend more time in systole than in diastole. True or False?
True
During exercise the cardiovascular center I the brain stem that receives feedback from ___ and then adjusts the cardiovascular system to meet the need to exercise.
All of the above
The relationship between oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and the arterial-venous oxygen difference is described mathematically by the:
Fick's Equation
The most resistance to blood flow is in the ___.
Arterioles
Which of the following is true of the heart rate change during exercise?
The increase in HR is due to PNS withdrawal followed by increasing SNS influence.
Trained endurance runners have lower ventilatory threshold than untrained individuals because trained runners have adapted to exercise. True or False
False
Person A has a VO2 max value of 4 L/min. Person B has a VO2 max value of 3 L/min. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?
Their fitness levels cannot be compared based on the given information.
The hemoglobin level for a healthy man is about ___ g/dl.
15
Which of the following factors is NOT the right response to acute exercise?
Vasodilation in viscera
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ___.
Pulmonary vein
The majority of CO2 in our body is transported by
Bicarbonate
During heavy exercise, what causes oxygen dissociated from hemoglobin easily in tissue?
PO2 (not sure)
The increase in parasympathetic activity would significantly decrease the heart rate. True or False?
True
Pulmonary artery contains deoxygenated blood. True or False?
True
Hemoglobin can only carry oxygen. True or False?
False
Which of the following is the right blood flow pathway (starting with deoxygenated blood)?
Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right Ventricle--> Lungs--> Left Atrium--> Left Ventricle--> Aorta
____ is defined as the maximum amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration.
Vital Capacity
Cardiovascular drift is characterized as _____.
Increase in heart rate and a decrease in stroke volume
Which of the following most likely causes cardiovascular drift?
Long duration exercise in a hot/humid weather
When exercise (prolonged exercise) at steady state in hot/ humid environment ventilation tends to ____.
Increase