Vagus
What nerve stimulates ACh release for the parasympathetic NS?
Muscarininc Receptors
Where does ACh bind to on autorhythmic cells?
Increase K Out and Decrease Ca In
What does ACh binding to autorhythmic cells do with ions?
Hyperpolarize
What does ACh binding to autorhythmic cells do to the whole cell?
Adrenergic B1 receptors
Where does NE bind to on autorhythmic cells?
Increase Na and Ca In
What does NE binding to autorhythmic cells do with ions?
Depolarizes
What does NE binding to autorhythmic cells do with the whole cell?
Extrinsic
What type of control increases the strength of cardiac contraction for the sympathetic NS?
Intrinsic
What type of control increases the venous return which increase end-diastolic volume and increases strength of contraction for the sympathetic NS?
SNS, Renal Artery Hypotension, Decreased Na to distal tubes of kidneys
What 3 things stimulates the release of renin?
Glanular Cells
What type of cells of the kidneys release renin into plasma?
Vascular Endothelium
What has ACE that forms angiotensin II from angiotensin I?
Cleaves off 2 amino acids
How does ACE form angiotensin II from angiotensin I?
Water Retention by Increased Na
What does the release of aldosterone into plasma do at the kidneys?
Podocytes
What are the major control for what is allowed in to glomerular cells?
Mesangial Cells
What decrease SA available for filtration if going to fast and is innervated by the SNS?
Hydrostatic Pressure, Colloid Osmotic Pressure, Fluid Pressure
What 3 variables affect the pressure gradient in filtration?
55 mmHg
What is the amount in mmHg of hydrostatic pressure for filtration?
30 mmHg
What is the amount in mmHg of colloid osmotic pressure for filtration?
Proteins in plasma that aren't in Bowmans Capsules
What causes the colloid osmotic pressure for filtration?
15 mmHg
What is the amount in mmHg of fluid pressure for filtration?
10 mmHg
What is the total amount of pressure for filtration?
Membrane more permeable and BP higher
What are the 2 most important reasons glomerular capillary beds are more effective than other beds?
Bohr Effect
What is the effect of Hb binding to less O2 because of increased acidity?
SR
Where does 90% of the Ca2+ come from inside autorhythmic cells?
P Wave
Atrial depolarizes after SA node fires
PR Segment
AV node delay to fill
QRS Complex
Ventricular depolarization and atrial depolarization; Na+ in
ST Segment
Ventricles contracting and emptying
T Wave
Ventricular depolarization; K+ out
TP Interval
Ventricles relaxing and filling
100 mmHg
What is the amount of PO2 at the alveoli?
40 mmHg
What is the amount of PO2 in the blood for gas exchange?
Close K+ Channels
What does low PO2 cause in ion movement?
Depolarizes and Ca enters
What happens when K+ channels close because of PO2 too low?
Exocytosis of Dopamine containing vesicles
What happens when a cell depolarizes and Ca2+ enters because of PO2 too low?
Sensory Neuron
Where does dopamine bind to when PO2 is too low?
Signal to Medullary Centers to Increase Ventilation
What does dopamine binding to sensory neurons signal when PO2 is too low?
Respiratory
What type of Acidosis/Alkalosis is from bicarbonate and H+ release?
Hyperventilation
What causes Respiratory Alkalosis?
Hypoventilation
What causes Respiratory Acidosis?
Metabolic
What type of Acidosis/Alkalosis is a deviation from pH which overcomes the body's buffers?
Max ADH
What causes the collecting duct to be freely permeable to water?
Obligatory Water Reabsorption
What is the mechanism called of water following Na+ from the filtrate tubule to proximal tubule?
Primary
What type of active transport is Na+ reabsorbed into proximal tubule cell with water?
Secondary
What type of active transport is Na+ pulling other solutes in against their gradient? Ex: glucose