When you inhale, which of the following occurs as a result of the respiratory pump
a. thoracic vena cavae fill
b. pulmonary capillaries collapse
c. abdominal vena cava expands
D. Pulmonary veins are compressed.
thoracic vena cavae fill
The anchoring membrane that attaches to the lungs themselves is .
a. parietal pleura
b.visceral pleura
c. serous pleura
d. thoracic pleura
visceral pleura
the physiological dead space is composed of all the following except
a. pharynx
b.larynx
c. Bronchioles
d. nose
Bronchioles
During heavy exercise inhalation is assisted by all the following except
a. pectorials
B. sternocleidomastoid
c. scaleni
d. internal intercostals
internal intercostals
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after expiration and cannot be exhaled is the
a. tidal volume
B. vital capacity
c. residual volume
D. total lung capacity
residual volume
the maximal volume of air that can be accommodated by the lungs is the.
a. tidal volume
b. vital capacity
c. residual volume
d. total lung capacity
total lung capacity
The pressure gradient that is found in the pulmonary circulation is approximately
a.0mmhg
b. 5mmhg
c. 10mmhg
d. 15mmhg
10mmhg
Alveoli are structurally and functionally most similar to which part of the cardiovascular system?
a. arteries
b. arterioles
c. capillaries
d. veins
capillaries
pco2 in the alveoli is approximately.
a..2mmhg
b. 6 mmhg
c. 40mmhg
d. 46mmhg
40mmgh
during exercise the oxygen diffusion capacity increases dramatically because.
a. transit time through the pulmonary capillaries is much shorter
b. reduced venous return leads to decreased pulmonary flow rate
c. lower venous o2 content increases the po2 gr
lower venous o2 content increases po2 gradient
the maximum total o2 carrying capacity for a person with a blood volume of 5l would be approximately
a. 20ml o2
b. 200mlo2
c.1l o2
d. 10l o2
...
If po2 is high a large change in po2 would lead to ________ in hemoglobin saturation.
a. no change
b. a small change
c. a modrate change.
d. a large change .
a moderate change
when the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts during exercise what is the result
a. o2 loading becomes more difficult in the lungs
b. o2 becomes easier in the lungs
c. o2 unloading becomes more difficult at the muscles
o2 unloading becomes easier at the muscles.
o2 unloading becomes more difficult at the muscle
in hemoglobin co2 binds
the globular protein
as bicarbonate diffuses from the red blood cell into th plasma moves from the plasma into the red blood cell to prevent electrical imbalance
chloride
when po2 is approximately 20mmhg what is the myoglobin doing
loading co2
compared to the slope of the oxyhemeoglobin dissociation curve the slope of the o2 myoglobim dissociation curve is
steeper but in the same direction
the po2 in muscle mitochondria is roughly
2mmhg
when venous blood from exercising and nonexercising tissues is included in the calculation it is callled
arterial mixed venous o2 difference
A capillary bed across an exercing muscle has a greater aterial mixed venous oxygen difference compared to a resting muscle
a greater
During normal quiet breathing the neurons in the respiratory center are
non active
When pulmonary stretch stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth this occurs because
excess co2 needs to be blown off
when pulmonary stretch receptors send a singal that triggers a shortened duration of inspiration it is known as the
Hering breuer reflex
According to ficks law diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to
thickness of the tissue
carbon dioxide has a lower diffusion costant compare to oxygen
lower
the ---- are saclike structures that facilitate gas exchange in the respiratory zone
qlveoli
______- gas laws that at a given constant temperature pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other
Boyles
is the usually passive process of breathing out air
expiration
respiration is the physiological process of gas exchange between lungs and the pulmonary capillary blood.
external
respiration is the physiological process of the gas exchange between the blood and body tissues.
internal
________ more often just called breathing is the process by which a person moves air into and out of the lungs
inspiration
The ______ assits with venous return whena person changes intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures by breathing in and out
Respiratory pump
_______ is the volume of the air left in the lungs after a person has exhaled as much as possible
residual volume
_______=vital capcity +residual volume
total lung capcity
the maximal amount of air that a person can exhale after a maximal inhalation is called
vital capacity
Lungs volumes , capacities , and flow rates are measured using a technique called
spirometry
the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs during quiet breathing is the
tidal volume
the _______ is the structure in the lungs that is composed of the alveolar wall , the capillary wall, and their respective basement membranes.
respiratory membranes
According to ______ law the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individuals gases in the mixture
daltons
Law states that the rate of gas diffusion through a tissue is proportional to the surface area and the gas partial pressure gradient
Ficks
_______ law states that gases dissolve in liquids in proportion to their respective partial pressures
Henery's
The rate which oxygen can diffuse from the alveoli into the blood is reffered as the ________ and is expressed as the volume that diffuses through amembrane per minute per 1mmhg of pressure difference
oxygen diffusion capcity
The pressure exerted by an individual gas in a gas mixture is called its _____________________
partial pressure
the majority of oxygen transported in the blood is bound to --------
Hemoglobin
When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin this molecule is called________
carbaminehemg
the majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as the molecule
bicrobonate