ACSM's Introduction to Exercise Science, Chapter 12

Epidemiological:

Research investigations conducted to identify factors that affect the health and disease of populations.

Longitudinal:

A longitudinal survey is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time � often many decades.

Clinical trial:

comparison test of a medical intervention versus a control condition, placebo condition, or the standard medical treatment for a patients condition.

What was the primary purpose of the Framingham Heart Study?

The primary purpose of the Framingham Heart Study was to identify the common factors or characteristics that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) by following its development over a long period of time in a large group of participants who had not ye

List five important outcomes of the Framingham Heart Study that help guide the current recommendations for reducing disease risk.

Risk factors that can be changed or modified for reducing CVD risk:
- smoking
- high blood cholesterol
- physical inactivity
- obesity and overweight
- uncontrolled stress or anger
These are only a few of the many milestone findings from the Framingham He

What is the primary purpose of the continuous NHANES?

The continuation of NHANES contributes to our knowledge about health and provides for new initiatives including:
- Determining if there is a need to change vitamin and mineral fortification regulations for the nation's food supply.
- National programs to

What was the primary rationale for conducting the Heritage Family Study?

The primary rationale for conduction the Heritage Family Study was to examine the role of the human genotype in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to aerobic exercise training and the changes brought about by regular exercise for several CVD and d

Describe the primary conclusion of the 1995 United States Surgeon General's report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

The primary conclusion of the 1995 United States Surgeon General's report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention highlighted the positive effects of physical activity on health of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine systems

What is the primary purpose of the Healthy People 2010 and 2020 programs?

The Healthy People 2020 initiative consists of a set of health objectives for the United States to achieve during the second decade of the twenty-first century. It is intended to be used by individuals, states, communities, professional organizations, and

Describe the relationships among research, program development, and policy initiatives as they relate to the future of exercise science.

Exercise science professionals will continue to play an active role in research as greater insight into how improvements in individual health, the overall health of Americans, and effective and cost-efficient healthcare is delivered. Additional research w

How might Exercise physiology contribute to enhancing individual sport and athletic performance:.

Identify the mechanisms of legal and illegal human growth-promoting agents and further refine optimal training programs for individuals of different genetic profiles, different sports, and different ages.

How might athletic training contribute to enhancing individual sport and athletic performance:

Athletic training and sports medicine: Identify techniques and signals to improve the detection of injuries and prevent potential injuries

How might sports nutrition contribute to enhancing individual sport and athletic performance:

Refine appropriate macronutrient and micronutrient intakes for performance enhancement of different sports and different age groups

How might sports psychology contribute to enhancing individual sport and athletic performance:

Identify effective performance enhancement techniques for individuals of various ages and their coaches and increase utilization by athletes of all ages.

How might motor behavior contribute to enhancing individual sport and athletic performance:

Further refinement of effective motor learning and control strategies

How might sport biomechanics contribute to enhancing individual sport and athletic performance:

improve movement patterns for sport techniques and develop equipment that will enhance performance.

Epidemiologic Studies

Research investigations conducted to identify factors that affect the health and disease of populations.

Clinical Trials

Comparison test of a medical intervention versus a control condition, placebo condition, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase their control over and improvements in their health.

Epidemiology

The study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations.

Evidence-based Medicine

A process whereby the quality of evidence relative to the risks and benefits of treatment is determined.

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism is distinguished from its physical characteristics.

Genetic Epidemiology

The study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and populations.

Phenotype

The physical appearance of an organism as distinguished from its genetic makeup and the interaction with the environment.

Healthy People Program

A program administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services to improve the health of the nation's population.

Gross Domestic Product

The total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of the United States during a specified period, usually one calendar year.

Plyometric Training

A type of exercise training designed to produce fast, powerful movements and improve the functions of the neuromuscular system for the purposes of improving sport performance.

Female Athlete Triad

A combination of three different disorders that affect female athletes: osteoporosis, eating disorders, and amenorrhea.

High-altitude Training

The practice of athletes living and performing exercise at high altitudes with the expectation of an improved performance at lower altitudes.

Physical Inactivity

The primary risk factor for CVD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, & cancer

Physical Activity & Exercise

Beneficial for helping to maintain a healthy body weight, & strengthening muscles, bones, & joints

National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Goal: assess health & nutritional status of adults & children in the U.S.; Allows health planners to detect the extent various health problems & risk factors have changed in the U.S. population over time.