Anatomically, the nervous system can be divided into two main parts:
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system are called
efferent
Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:
cell body, dendrites, and axon.
Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called
resting membrane potential.
The action potential is generated when a stimulus
opens sodium channels.
Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called
afferent fibers.
The joint receptors that provide the central nervous system with information about body position are termed
proprioceptors.
The ______________________ is an organ located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium.
pacinian corpuscle
A "movement plan" is developed by the _________________ before being sent to spinal centers for modification
motor cortex
The motor cortex is concerned with voluntary movement and is located within the
cerebrum.
The area of the brain that aids in control of movement and may initiate fast ballistic movements is the
cerebellum.
The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called
sympathetic and parasympathetic.
An excitatory neurotransmitter results in increased neuronal permeability to
sodium and results in EPSPs.
Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the basal ganglia resulting in
increased involuntary movement of tremors.
The term kinesthesia refers to
conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other.
The spinal cord translated a voluntary movement into appropriate muscle action. This is called
spinal tuning.
Neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called
excitatory transmitters.
The summing of many EPSPs from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called
temporal summation.
The initial drive to move comes from
subcortical and cortical areas.
______________ refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus.
Irritability
The neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system is
acetylcholine
Relative to brain health, regular aerobic exercise has been shown to
enhance learning and memory, improve brain blood flow, stimulate neuron formation
Which of the following is true concerning neurons?
Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.
Equilibrium and balance require input from the
vestibular apparatus, eyes, joint, tendon, and muscle receptors
The neurological disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of axons in multiple areas of the CNS is
multiple sclerosis.
Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to the
length of muscle.
The thin muscle cells located within the muscle spindle are called
intrafusal fibers.
The "knee jerk" or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the
muscle spindle
The Golgi tendon organs monitor
tension produced by muscular contraction.
Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.
false
Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons, and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons
true
The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.
false
The action potential or nerve impulse is achieved by
opening sodium channels and allowing rapid entry of sodium ions into the cell
Receptors that are responsible for position "sense" are termed
proprietors
The primary role of the autonomic nervous system is to maintain the constancy of the body's internal environment (homeostasis)
True
The summing of many EPSP's from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called
temporal summation
Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:
cell body, dendrites, and axon
Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called
Resting membrane potential
The ___ is an organ in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium
Vestibular Apparatus
The harder you exercise, the higher stimulation of your sympathetic system
True
The parasympathetic nerve ending secretes
acetycholine
The electrical impulses (action potential) in a neuron is generated at
Axon Hillock