AP Junior English Vocab Words

factious

adj- causing disagreement
syn: belligerent; contentious
ant: cooperative; united

ignoble

adj- dishonorable; shameful
syn: despicable; base
ant: noble; glorious

boor

n- a rude or impolite person
syn: buffoon; clown
ant: sophisticate

aegis

n- a shield; protection
syn: backing

perspicacity

n- keeness of judgement
syn: perceptiveness
ant: stupidity; ignorance

fervent

adj- eager; earnest
syn: burning; passionate
ant: apathetic

rectify

v- to correct; to make right
syn: remedy; resolve

enervate

v- to weaken
syn: devitalize; exhaust
ant: energize; strengthen

besiege

v- to overwhelm; to surround and attack

ephemeral

adj- lasting only a brief time; short-lived
syn: transient; fleeting
ant: permanent

altruism

n- a concern for others; generosity
syn: unselfishness; magnanimity
ant: selfishness; egoism

carrion

n- decaying flesh

erotic

adj- pertaining to sexual love

amorphous

adj- shapeless, formless, vague

opulent

adj- rich, luxurious, wealthy

impotent

adj- powerless; lacking strength
syn: ineffective; helpless
ant: potent; powerful

antithesis

n- an exact opposite; an opposite extreme
syn: converse
ant: same

maelstrom

n- whirlpool; turbulence; agitates state of mind

emendation

n- a correction
syn: improvement; amendment

chagrin

n- embarrassment; a complete loss of courage

bauble

n- a showy but useless thing
syn: trinket

diaphanous

adj- very sheer and light
syn: transparent; gossamer
ant: opaque

labyrinth

n- a complicated network of winding passages; a maze

gloat

v- to look at or think about with great satisfaction
syn: revel; crow

impediment

n- a barrier; obstruction
syn: obstacle; hindrance
ant: aid

bestial

adj- savage; brutal
syn: brutish; vile; cruel
ant: humane; kind

effete

adj- worn out; barren
syn: exhausted; spent and sterile
ant: vital; vigorous

shard

n- a fragment

bland

adj- mild; tasteless; dull
syn: smooth; agreeable
ant: exciting; thrilling

nihilism

n- a total rejection of established laws

pedestrian

adj- ordinary or dull
syn: commonplace; mediocre
ant: imaginative; compelling

bona fide

adj- in good faith
syn: legitimate; genuine
ant: fraudulent; phony

adventitious

adj- accidental; nonessential
syn: incidental

fecund

adj- fertile; productive
syn: prolific
ant: sterile

deviate

v- to turn aside from a course; to stray
syn: digress

obfuscate

v- to confuse; to bewilder
syn: muddle; obscure
ant: clarify; elucidate

impale

v- to pierce with a sharp stake through the body

extenuate

v- to lessen seriousness by providing partial excuses

parochial

adj- local; narrow; limited
syn: provincial; narrow-minded
ant: universal; catholic

glower

v- to stare angrily
syn: frown; scowl
ant: grin

edify

v- to improve someone morally

ambiguous

adj- open to more than one interpretation
syn: unclear; uncertain; vague
ant: explicit; definite

cataclysm

n- a violent change
syn: disaster; catastrophe
ant: triumph; boon

optimum

adj- best; most favorable; ideal

importune

v- to ask persistently; to beg
syn: appeal; badger

celibate

adj- abstaining from intercourse; unmarried

fortuitous

adj- happening by chance or accident
syn: accidental; unexpected
ant: premeditated; intentional

recapitulate

v- to summarize; to repeat briefly

perfunctory

adj- done without care; in a routine fashion
syn: indifferent; offhand
ant: diligent; attentive

baroque

adj- overly decorated
syn: ornate
ant: simple

hedonism

n- pursuit of pleasure, especially of the senses

obloquy

n- strong disapproval; a bad reputation resulting from public criticism
syn: censure; rebuke
ant: acclaim; praise

debacle

n- a complete failure; a total collapse
syn: calamity; catastrophe
ant: success; triumph

quasi-

adj- resembling; seeming; half

besmirch

v- to make dirty; to stain
syn: soil; sully; smear
ant: cleanse

imperative

adj- extremely necessary; vitally important

sacrosanct

adj- extremely holy
syn: divine; angelic

sadistic

adj- deriving pleasure from inflicting pain on others
syn: barbarous; perverse
ant: civilized; humane

demeanor

n- behavior; manner of conducting oneself
syn: deportment

facetious

adj- comical; jocular; flippant
syn: joking; witty; jocose
ant: solemn; serious

fop

n- an excessively fashion-concious man
syn: dandy

imprecation

n- a curse
syn: condemnation; anathema
ant: blessing

non sequitur

n- something that does not logically follow
syn: fallacy; misconception

sanguine

adj- cheerful; optimistic

bowdlerize

v- to remove offensive passages of a play, novel, etc.
syn: censor

impair

v- to weaken; to cause to become worse
syn: damage; deteriorate
ant: enhance

panegyric

n- an expression of praise
syn: tribute; extolment
ant: denunciation

quandary

n- a puzzling situation; a dilemma
syn: predicament

ebullient

adj- enthusiastic
syn: exuberant; lively
ant: dejected; dispirited

deference

n- respect; consideration

carnal

adj- relating to physical appetite, especially sexual
syn: erotic
ant: chaste; modest

nebulous

adj- hazy; vague; uncertain
syn: cloudy; indistinct; obscure
ant: distinct; precise

rakish

adj- dashingly stylish and confident
syn: dapper; jaunty
ant: slovenly; disheveled

elegy

n- a sad or mournful poem
syn: dirge; lament

pedantic

adj- tending to show off one's learning
syn: bookish

antipathy

n- an intense dislike
syn: aversion
ant: affinity

elucidate

v- to make clear
syn: explain; clarify
ant: obscure

imminent

adj- likely to happen; threatening
syn: impending; approaching
ant: distant; delayed

banal

adj- common, ordinary
syn: trivial; insipid
ant: original; fresh

obdurate

adj- stubborn; hardhearted
syn: inflexible; obstinate
ant: compliant; amenable

peruse

v- to read carefully; scrutinize

bedlam

n- a noisy uproar; a scene of wild confusion
syn: mayhem; chaos

affluence

n- wealth; richness
syn: fortune

scurrilous

adj- coarsely abusive; vulgar
syn: indecent
ant: respectable

parody

n- a work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner
syn: caricature; burlesque; lampoon

sedulous

adj- hard working; diligent
syn: studious; assiduous
ant: lazy; lax

onerous

adj- burdensome; heavy; hard to endure
syn: crushing; distressing

amoral

adj- lacking a sense of right and wrong
syn: corrupt; evil
ant: innocent; virtuous

eschew

v- to keep away from; to avoid; to shun
ant: embrace; welcome

denouement

n- an outcome; result
syn: conclusion

adroit

adj- skillful; clever
syn: dexterous; apt
ant: clumsy; awkward

macroscopic

adj- visible to the naked eye
ant: microscopic

fatuous

adj- foolish; inane
syn: silly
ant: sensible; wise

bovine

adj- pertaining to cows or cattle

ferret

v- to search or drive out

affectation

n- a phony attitude; pose
syn: insincerity; sham
ant: sincerity; genuineness

knell

n- a sound made by a bell, often rung slowly for a death or funeral

dichotomy

n- a division into two parts

callow

adj- young and inexperienced
syn: immature
ant: mature; sophisticated

laconic

adj- using few words; short; concise
syn: pithy; taciturn
ant: verbose; loquacious

quiddity

n- an essential quality
syn: essence

patent

adj- evident or obvious
syn: indisputable; apparent

peccadillo

n- a minor offense; a misdeed

sagacious

adj- wise; having keen perception and sound judgement
syn: shrewd; intelligent
ant: obtuse; fatuous

rationalize

v- to make an excuse for
syn: justify

deride

v- to ridicule; to mock
syn: scorn
ant: praise

censure

v- to criticize sharply
syn: condemn; reproach
ant: praise; applaud

gambol

v- to frolic; to romp about playfully
syn: play; caper; rollick

immolate

v- to kill someone as a sacrificial victim, usually by fire

recondite

adj- difficult to understand; profound

martinet

n- a strict disciplinarian; taskmaster

quagmire

n- a swamp; a difficult or inextricable situation

gibe

v- to scoff; to ridicule
syn: jeer; taunt; sneer
ant: compliment; praise

agape

adj- open-mouthed; surprised; agog
syn: astonished

carcinogen

n- causing cancer

olfactory

adj- pertaining to smell

imperious

adj- domineering; haughty
syn: overbearing; arrogant; masterful
ant: servile; submissive

grotesque

adj- absurd; distorted

neologism

n- a new word or expression
syn: coinage

hackneyed

adj- commonplace; overused
syn: trite; banal
ant: fresh; imaginative

machination

n- an evil design or plan
syn: scheme; plot

pejorative

adj- having a negative effect; insulting
syn: disparaging; derogatory
ant: complimentary

harbinger

n- an omen or sign
syn: warning; portent

nubile

adj- suitable for marriage in age and physical developement, referring to a female

sapient

adj- wise; full of knowledge
syn: sagacious
ant: fatuous; inane

chimerical

adj- imaginary; fantastic
syn: absurd; illusionary
ant: practical

masochist

n- one who enjoys his or her own pain and suffering

finesse

n- diplomacy; tact; artful management
syn: skill; cunning
ant: tactlessness

heterogeneous

adj- different; dissimilar
syn: diverse; varied
ant: homogenous; similar

eclectic

adj- choosing from various sources
syn: selective
ant: narrow

grandiose

adj- impressive; showy; magnificent
syn: stately; imposing
ant: humble

raiment

n- clothing; garments

blanch

v- to whiten; to make pale

hybrid

n- anything of mixed origin

idiosyncrasy

n- a peculiar personality trait
syn: eccentricity; quirk

idolatry

n- excessive or blind adoration; worship of an object

adulterate

v- to make impure; to contaminate
syn: taint; corrupt
ant: refine; refined

emanate

v- to come forth; to send forth
syn: rise; emerge

garish

adj- tastelessly gaudy
syn: showy; glaring; flashy
ant: sedate; conservative

immutable

adj- unchangeable; fixed
syn: enduring
ant: flexible; changeable

diadem

n- a crown

bucolic

adj- pertaining to the countryside; rural; rustic
syn: pastoral
ant: urban

redolent

adj- having a pleasant odor; suggestive or evocative
syn: aromatic
ant: acrid

impecunious

adj- without money; penniless
syn: destitute; indigent
ant: affluent; prosperous

sedition

n- rebellion or resistance against the government
syn: treachery; disloyalty

defile

v- to pollute; to corrupt

gratuitous

adj- unnecessary or uncalled for

onus

n- a burden; a responsibility
syn: obligation

impious

adj- disrespectful toward God
syn: irreligious; profane
ant: devout; pious

caveat

n- a warning
syn: admonition; caution

elixir

n- a supposed remedy for all ailments
syn: medicine; panacea

desiccated

adj- dried up

cessation

n- a stopping; a discontinuance
syn: ceasing; end
ant: beginning; commencement

juxtapose

v- to place side by side for comparison
syn: measure; examine

kinetic

adj- pertaining to motion

garrulous

adj- talkative
syn: loquacious; verbose
ant: taciturn

fetish

n- an object that recieves respect or devotion
syn: charm; talisman

scintillate

v- to sparkle; to twinkle; to sparkle intellectually

lachrymose

adj- tearful; weepy

fissure

n- an opening; a groove; a split

epitome

n- a typical example
syn: embodiment; archetype

languid

adj- sluggish; drooping from weakness
syn: listless; feeble; drooping
ant: robust; vigorous

delineate

v- to describe, to depict

legerdemain

n- sleight of hand; deception

libertine

n- one who leads an immoral life
syn: hedonist; glutton; epicurean

halcyon

adj- calm; pleasant
syn: tranquil; unruffled
ant: troubled; tumultuous

fastidious

adj- hard to please; fussy
syn: meticulous; exacting
ant: casual; lax

badinage

n- playful, teasing talk
syn: chaff; joshing

malapropism

n- a word humorously misused

garner

v- to gather; to acquire
syn: harvest

kismet

n- a destiny; fate; fortune (one's lot in life)

hegira

n- flight; escape

paradigm

n- a model; an example

debauchery

n- corruption; self-indulgence
syn: excess; dissipation

milieu

n- enviroment; setting

regress

v- to move backward

bilious

adj- bad tempered; cross
syn: grouchy; cantankerous
ant: pleasant

necromancy

n- magic, especially that practiced by a witch
syn: black magic; conjuring

gumption

n- courage and initiative; common sense
syn: enterprise; aggressiveness; drive

blandishment

n- flattery
syn: overpraise; bootlicking

nirvana

n- a condition of great peace or happiness

salutary

adj- healthful; wholesome
syn: beneficial
ant: pernicious

despicable

adj- contemptible; hateful
syn: vile; base
ant: laudable; worthy

harlequin

n- a clown

empathy

n- an understanding of another's feelings
syn: appreciation; compassion

brevity

n- briefness; short duration
syn: terseness; conciseness
ant: lengthiness

savant

n- a person of extensive learning; an imminent scholar

obsequious

adj- excessively submissive or overly attentive
syn: servile; fawning
ant: domineering; haughty

redundant

adj- repetitious; using more words than needed
syn: wordy; excessive; unnecessary
ant: essential

offal

n- garbage; waste parts

hoi polloi

n- the common people; the masses

sentient

adj- conscious; capable of feeling or perceiving
syn: allert; alive; cognizant

impinge

v- to encroach; to trespass
syn: infringe; intrude

cataract

n- a large waterfall

animosity

n- hatred
syn: ill-will; hostility
ant: friendliness; congeniality

bombast

n- impressive but meaningless language

orthography

n- correct spelling

paleontology

n- a science dealing with prehistoric life through the study of fossils

recoil

v- to retreat; to draw back

panache

n- self-confidence; a showy manner
syn: charisma; spirit

saturnine

adj- gloomy; sluggish
syn: sullen; morose
ant: genial

endemic

adj- confined to a particular country or area
syn: native; indigenous
ant: alien; foreign

mendacious

adj- lying; false; deceitful
syn: duplicitous
ant: truthful

obviate

v- to prevent; to get around
syn: circumvent

paroxysm

n- a sudden outburst; a fit
syn: outburst; commotion

aggrandize

v- 1. to increase the range of; to expand 2. to make appear larger
(1) syn: englarge; augment; enrich
(1) ant: decrease; diminish
(2) syn: exaggerate; embellish
(2) ant: belittle; devalue

deign

v- to lower oneself before an inferior
syn: stoop; condescend

flaunt

v- to show off
syn: boast; exhibit
ant: conceal

shibboleth

n- a word pronunciation that distinguishes someone as of a particular group

elicit

v- to draw forth; to call forth
syn: evoke; extract
ant: cover; suppress