AP Language & Composition: Diction

Formal Diction

Contains language that creates an elevated tone. It is free of slang, idioms, colloquialisms, and contractions. It often contains polysyllabic words, sophisticated syntax, and elegant word choice.

Neutral Diction

Uses standard language and vocabulary without elaborate words and may include contractions.

Informal Diction

The language of everyday use. It is relaxed and conversational.
It often includes common and simple words, idioms, slang, jargon, and contractions.

Slang

Refers to a group of recently coined words often used in informal situations. Slang words often come and go quickly, passing in and out of usage within months or years.

Colloquial expressions

Nonstandard, often regional, ways of using
language appropriate to informal or conversational speech and writing. Example: the southern word "y'all

Jargon

Words and expressions characteristic of a particular trade,
profession, or pursuit.

Dialect

A nonstandard subgroup of a language with its own vocabulary
and grammatical features. Writers often use regional dialects or dialects that reveal a person's economic or social class.

Concrete Diction

Specific words that describe physical qualities or
conditions.

Abstract Diction

Refers to language that denotes ideas, emotions,
conditions, or concepts that are intangible.

Denotation

The exact, literal definition of a word independent of any
emotional association or secondary meaning.

Connotation

The implicit rather than explicit meaning of a word; consists
of the suggestions, associations, and emotional overtones attached to a word.