Ad Hominem
to the man," an argument that criticizes an idea by blaming the person rather than the person's idea "you're wrong because you're a jerk
Argument from Authority
tends to agree with assumptions because someone in a position of power said it or agreed with it "they must know what theyre talking about they have a PhD" always happens with celebrities- makes you listen
Appeal to Ignorance
Based on the assumption that if it has not been proved, it is true "I can't prove there isn't a Lockenss monster, so there must be one
Begging the question
parts of what one said could be true, a way of avoiding the question, you are begging for an answer
Hasty Generalization
leading you to a conclusion by providing poor evidence, good evidence is used to support somethign that isn't necessarily true "he plays 48 hours of call of duty, that is why is kills people
Non Sequitur
doesn't follow, statement that does not relate directly to teh statement before it (this is an attack)
false dichotomy
consists of a consideration of only two extremes rather than any other levels "this or that" very rarely are there only two choices
slippery slope
dire consequences from minor causes, "given them an inch and theyll take a mile
false causality
sometimes unintentional, setting up a cause/effect situation where one cause/effect is not true or encessarily correct, make sure that everything is related
Straw man
wizard of oz reference, nothing inside him, oversimplification of an opponents argument to make it easier to attack
sentimental appeal
most common, appeals to hearts of the readers to tell them somethign wrong, generally nonvalid arguments (dog with three legs with a can) (always works on juries which is bad) most effective, guilt people
red herring
attempts to shift the attention away from an important attention to another topic that has nothing to do with anything, doesnt answer the question "you want open campus, what about haiti?)
scare tactics
these work! used to frighten readers or listeners into agreeing with the speaker "if we do this, then this will happen
bandwagon appeals
Peer pressure, if everyone else is doing it then it must be right
dogmatism
does not allow for discussion because the speaker claims that they are the best "why are you the best? because we are number one!
equivocation
lying by omission, still lying, leave somethign important out
faulty analogy
illogical misleading comparison between two things, not good argument, very weak