metaphor
comparison of two unlike things
simile
comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as
personification
giving a non-human human qualities
stanza
subdivision within a poem
apostrophe
speaking directly to someone or something not there
meter
a regular pattern of syllables in a poem
rhyme
the pattern of assonance + consonance
sonnet
poem with 14 lines, regular meter and rhyme scheme, unified theme and a volta
volta
the turning point of a sonnet
caesura
a pause in a poem
enjambment
when there is not a pause at the end of a line or between words in a poem
diction
word choice
syntax
the sentence fluency or how the words are put together in a poem
inversion
reversing the regular order of words (much like Yoda does)
paradox
something that seems like it can't be true but actually is
oxymoron
a two-word paradox like "jumbo shrimp
hyperbole
an exaggeration for effect
tone
the narrator's attitude towards the subject matter
allusion
a reference to a famous work, person or event
juxtaposition
setting up two concepts, people or things so that they are seen in contrast to each other
verbal irony
when something has multiple meanings
situational irony
when the actual result is opposite of the expected result (otherwise known as just "irony")
dramatic irony
when the audience/reader knows what a character does not