simple machine
any mechanical device that multiplies the effect of an applaied force
simple machines
levers, pulleys inclined planes
mechanical advantage
the ratio of the output force to the input force
work
force X distance
power
(physics) the rate of doing work; work/time
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
negative work
Force applied in opposite direction of movement to slow or stop the object.
potential energy
involves changing the position of the object that is being acted on by a specific force; stored energy associated t with the position of the object
gravitational potential energy
potential energy that depends on the height of an object
elastic force
force that results form stretching or compressing an object
spring constant
the greater the stretch the greater force produced
Hook's Law
Equation describing the restoring force of a mass-spring system, given by F = -kx, where x is the displacement from the equilibrium position; the restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and the direction of the force is always
elastic potential energy
Potential energy associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed.
conservative force
forces such as gravity that lead to potential energy relationships
conservation of energy
if there are non conservative forces doing work on a system the total mechanical energy of the system remain constant
simple harmonic function
looks like cosine function
restoring force
when a spring has a force that pushes and pulls you back to center
work
the product of the displacement and the component of the force parallel or anti-parallel to the displacement.
0 net work
the object moves at constant speed.
positive net work
the object speeds up
work-energy theorem
Net work equals the change in the kinetic energy