A primary active transport process is one in which __________.
ll
Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.
facilitated diffusion
The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.
...
A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.
...
The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.
...
A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.
exocytosis
In the process called facilitated diffusion, what limits the rate of transport into the cell at any given moment?
the number of suitable carrier proteins
explains diffusion
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
You would expect a peptide bond to link
two amino acids
a nucelotide consists of
a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
carbohydrate molecules
are the body's most readily available source of energy
a polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
glycogen
each amino acid differs from another in the
nature of the side chain
what is needed to form a triglyceride molecule
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid tails
the group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
,kjh
organic compounds are held together by ___ bonds.
covalent
a molecule containing more than 100 atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
macromolecule
macromolecule
a molecule containing more than 100 atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
H-mono1-OH + H-mono2-OH + H-mono3-OH --->
H-mono1-mono2-mono3-OH + 2 H20
Histones are found in
nucleosomes
The smallest living unit within the human body is
the cell
The watery component of the cytoplasm is called
the cytosol
do lysosomes have a membrane?
yes
The glycocalyx is composed mostly of
carbohydrates
What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?
phosphate heads of phospholipids
Which functional class of membrane proteins do cells of the immune system detect?
recognition proteins
is structural support a function of the plasma membrane?
yes
Is "regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment" a function of the plasama membrane?
yes
Is "thermal insulation" a function of the plasama membrane?
no
The components of ribosomes are synthesized by
nucleoli
Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the
smooth ER
The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for (3)
1. glycogen synthesis 2. lipid synthesis 3. protein synthesis
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the
golgi apparatus
Organelles that catabolize fats and neutralize toxic compounds are
peroxisomes
When activated, lysosomes function in
digestion of foreign material
In which liquid mitochondrial component do metabolic enzymes catalyze the reactions that provide energy for cellular functions?
matrix
A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of
atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of
Carbohydrate molecules are the body's ___.
most readily available source of energy.
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as
organic molecules
When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, ___ is formed.
a disaccharide
Which of the following is comprised of a phosphate group linking a diglyceride to a nonlipid group, and can be synthesized primarily from fatty acids in the body?
phospholipids
A fatty acid that contains multiple double covalent bonds is said to be
polyunsaturated
A shortage of cholesterol in the body could interfere with the formation of
sex hormones
The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ____ protein structure.
secondary
What is the symbol for an amino group?
-NH2
Each amino acid differs from another in the
nature of the side chain
Sucrose undergoes which type of reaction to produce glucose and fructose?
hydrolysis
The term ___ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction.
specificity
Which is the most common high-energy compound?
ATP
A high-energy bond in ATP is present between the ___.
first and second, and the second and third phosphate groups.
Adenine and guanine are
purines represented by A and G
An amino acid is to a protein as ___ is to a nucleic acid.
nucleotide
active transport offers a great advantage, ___.
it is not dependant on a concentration gradient
opposite of diffusion at expense of energy
active transport