physics

an alpha particle is

a helium nucleus

a beta particle is

an electron

gamma ray is

a photon

the operation of a cloud chamber does not rely on

evaporation

when a beta particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has a slightly

smaller mass and significantly greater charge

different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

....none of these

when thorium (A=90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

none of the these

most of the radioactivity from man-made sources that we personally encounter comes from

medical xrays

carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain

organic material

which of the following are beneficial applications of radioactivity

irradiation of the food supply, radioactive tracers in crop fertilizer, strong doses of radioactivity for cancer treatment

the half-life on an isotope is two days, at the end of four days how much of the isotope remains?

one-quarter

the main influence working to hold nuclei together is the ____ and a main influence working to break them apart is the________

strong force; electromagnetic force

in the fissioning of uranium, a chain reaction is caused by

ejected neutrons

if lead were used as nuclear fuel, it would be best

fissioned

control is exercised in a nuclear reactor by

absorbing excess neutrons with control rods

a nuclear process that has relatively few radio-active by products is

fusion

according to Einstein's theory of special relativity

A) energy and mass are aspects of each other
B) space and time are aspects of each other
BOTH OF THESE

a spaceship that is traveling at 0.5 c with respect to your frame of reference, fires a photon beam that travels at speed c with a respect to the spaceship. you measure the photon beam's speed to be

equal to c

according to the special theory of relativity, all laws of nature are the same for the 'special' case of reference that

move at constant velocity

event A occurs before event B in a certain frame of reference. in another frame of reference event A could occur

after even B, simultaneous with even B

compared to clocks in a stationary reference frame, clocks in a moving reference frame run

slower

there is an upper limit on the speed of a particle. this means there is also an upper limit on its

neither momentum or kinetic energy

consider a spaceship that moves toward you at 0.3c (three-tenths the speed of light) it fires a probe toward you, relative to itself, at 0.3c. relative to you, the probe approaches at about

0.55c

parents can be biologically younger than their children if

the parents take a fast round trip space trip

according to special relativity, one can travel at increased rates

only forward in time

the length of a meterstick projected like a spear at 0.87c is seen by a person at rest to be about

0.5m

compared to a special relativity, general relativity is more concerned with

acceleration, gravitation, and space-time geometry

light bends when it

passes a massive star, passes through a gravitational field

in a one-g gravitational field, in one second, a light beam will curve beneath a perfectly straight line by

4.9 m

from a general relativistic point of view, a person on the ground floor of a skyscraper ages

slower than a person on the top floor

space in the local area around a star is

closed, or sphere-shaped