Motion
When an object changes position with respect to a reference point
Distance
The amount that the position changes
Units: meters, feet, miles, kilometers
Questions: How far did it travel?
Equation: ___ = Speed x Time
Time
How long it takes to change position
Units: seconds, minutes, hours
Questions: How long did it take?
How many seconds did it take?
Equation: __ = Distance/Speed
Speed
How fast position changes
Units: meters per second, miles per hour
Questions: How fast is it going?
What is the average speed?
Equation: __ = Distance/Time
Velocity
Speed and Direction
Units: meters per second, miles per hour
Questions: How fast is it going (in a direction)?
What is the average velocity?
Equation: __ = Distance/Time (Direction)
Acceleration
How fast velocity changes
Units: m/s/s, m/h/s
Questions: How fast is it speeding up?
How fast is it slowing down?
Equation: __ = Velocity final - V initial / Time final - T initial
Increases as force increases (directly proportional)
Decreases as mass inc
Newton's First Law of Motion
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Matter resists any change in motion.
Inertia
Resistance to change in motion
Mass
A measure of the matter in an object; A measure of the inertia of an object
1 kg = 10 N - On Earth
1 kg = 2 N - On Moon
More this = More inertia
Newton's Second Law of Motion
The acceleration of the object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
Acceleration increases as force increases (directly proportional)
Acceleration decreases as mass increases (indirectly proportional)
Force
Any influence that can cause acceleration; A push or a pull
Always exerted by one object onto another
Unbalanced forces cause acceleration
Just because you a have a ____ doesn't mean there'll be motion
Includes magnitude (size) and direction
Net Force
The combination of all the forces acting on a object
Same direction - ADD
Opposite direction - SUBTRACT
Scalar Quantity
A measurement that only includes size
EX: Mass
Speed
Vector Quantity
A measurement that includes size and direction
EX: Velocity
Acceleration
Balanced Force
When the net force is zero
Produces no change in motion or velocity
Constant velocity
Unbalanced Force
When the net force is not zero
Produces acceleration
Equilibrium
An object when it is acted upon by balanced forces
0 = net force
If not accelerating - 0 = net force
Equal in size and opposite in direction - 0 = net force
Static Equilibrium
An object at rest in equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium
An object in motion in equilibrium
Normal Force
The support force felt by an object in contact with the surface of another stable object
Tension Force
The pulling force exerted by a string cable, chain, or similar solid object on another object
Friction
The force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching (solid objects)
Sources:
Surfaces are rough because they are covered in microscopic hills and valleys - even if they look smooth. Atoms cling together at many points of contact.
Rougher
Static Friction
The friction between 2 surfaces not moving relative to each other; When you apply a force and get no motion
Kinetic Friction
The friction between 2 surfaces that are moving relative to each other; Once the object is moving there is only this
Newton's Third Law of Motion
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
For every action, there is is reaction that's equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Action force - Reaction force
Doesn't mat