Physics GP2 BASIS Tucson North 6th grade

Motion

When an object changes position with respect to a reference point

Distance

The amount that the position changes
Units: meters, feet, miles, kilometers
Questions: How far did it travel?
Equation: ___ = Speed x Time

Time

How long it takes to change position
Units: seconds, minutes, hours
Questions: How long did it take?
How many seconds did it take?
Equation: __ = Distance/Speed

Speed

How fast position changes
Units: meters per second, miles per hour
Questions: How fast is it going?
What is the average speed?
Equation: __ = Distance/Time

Velocity

Speed and Direction
Units: meters per second, miles per hour
Questions: How fast is it going (in a direction)?
What is the average velocity?
Equation: __ = Distance/Time (Direction)

Acceleration

How fast velocity changes
Units: m/s/s, m/h/s
Questions: How fast is it speeding up?
How fast is it slowing down?
Equation: __ = Velocity final - V initial / Time final - T initial
Increases as force increases (directly proportional)
Decreases as mass inc

Newton's First Law of Motion

An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Matter resists any change in motion.

Inertia

Resistance to change in motion

Mass

A measure of the matter in an object; A measure of the inertia of an object
1 kg = 10 N - On Earth
1 kg = 2 N - On Moon
More this = More inertia

Newton's Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of the object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
Acceleration increases as force increases (directly proportional)
Acceleration decreases as mass increases (indirectly proportional)

Force

Any influence that can cause acceleration; A push or a pull
Always exerted by one object onto another
Unbalanced forces cause acceleration
Just because you a have a ____ doesn't mean there'll be motion
Includes magnitude (size) and direction

Net Force

The combination of all the forces acting on a object
Same direction - ADD
Opposite direction - SUBTRACT

Scalar Quantity

A measurement that only includes size
EX: Mass
Speed

Vector Quantity

A measurement that includes size and direction
EX: Velocity
Acceleration

Balanced Force

When the net force is zero
Produces no change in motion or velocity
Constant velocity

Unbalanced Force

When the net force is not zero
Produces acceleration

Equilibrium

An object when it is acted upon by balanced forces
0 = net force
If not accelerating - 0 = net force
Equal in size and opposite in direction - 0 = net force

Static Equilibrium

An object at rest in equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

An object in motion in equilibrium

Normal Force

The support force felt by an object in contact with the surface of another stable object

Tension Force

The pulling force exerted by a string cable, chain, or similar solid object on another object

Friction

The force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching (solid objects)
Sources:
Surfaces are rough because they are covered in microscopic hills and valleys - even if they look smooth. Atoms cling together at many points of contact.
Rougher

Static Friction

The friction between 2 surfaces not moving relative to each other; When you apply a force and get no motion

Kinetic Friction

The friction between 2 surfaces that are moving relative to each other; Once the object is moving there is only this

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
For every action, there is is reaction that's equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Action force - Reaction force
Doesn't mat