Juvenile Delinquent Act (JDA)
An act used to govern young offenders from 1908 to 1984
Young Offenders Act (YOA)
An act used to govern young offenders which replaced the Juvenile Delinquents Act
Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)
An act used to govern young offenders which replaced the Young Offenders Act
Training School
A facility used for Juvenile Delinquents
Juvenile Delinquent
A term used to describe offenders under the JDA
Extra-Judicial Sanctions
A program used to keep young offenders, who have taken responsibility for their actions, out of the court system
Incapacity of Children
The inability of children under the age of 12 to form the mens rea of a crime
Custody and Supervision Order
An order requiring a youth to serve 2/3 of a sentence in a controlled facility and 1/3 in the community under supervision
Open Custody
Includes group homes and wilderness camps
Secure Custody
A facility for young offenders with no access to the community
Cecil Facer
A secure facility for young offenders
Youth Worker
A person who monitors young offenders
Youth Justice Court
A court for young persons accused of a crime
Specific Deterrence
A sentence meant to deter a convicted person from re-offending
General Deterrence
A sentence meant to deter society from committing an offence
Retribution
To get even
Segregation
To remove a convicted person from society in order to protect society
Rehabilitation
To change the behaviour of a convicted person
Prevalence of the Crime
When a crime becomes a problem in a community
Mitigating Circumstances
Circumstances which would lessen a sentence
Aggravating Circumstances
Circumstances which would increase a sentence
Concurrent Sentence
When 2 or more sentences are served at the same time
Consecutive Sentence
When 2 or more sentences are served one after the other
Intermittent Sentence
A sentence served on weekends or weeknights
Dangerous Offender
A classification given to an offender who has committed a serious personal injury offence and is a threat to the safety of others
Suspended Sentence
A sentence that is not served if a person follows a probation order - will have a criminal record
Probation
An order that an offender keep the peace and follow other conditions instead of a prison sentence
Restitution
To pay back a victim
Suspension of Privileges
A sentence where a person would lose a privilege such as a drivers license
Absolute Discharge
A sentence where a person is deemed not to have committed the offence and will not have a criminal record
Conditional Discharge
A sentence where a person is deemed not to have committed the offence and will not have a criminal record as long as conditions are followed
Community Service
A sentence where a person will have to perform a certain number of hours working in the community
Deportation
When a person who is not a Canadian citizen is returned to his/her country of origin
Capital Punishment
The death penalty
Life Sentence
25 years
Restorative Justice Program
A program for sentencing offenders which focuses on healing relationships
Sentencing Circle
Aboriginal Circle where the offender, victim, their families, and others recommend a punishment for the offender
Healing Circle
Aboriginal Circle where the victim and offender try to resolve their conflict
Releasing Circle
Aboriginal Circle where the offender, community, and National Parole Board prepare a plan for the return of the offender to the community
Victim-Offender Mediation
The victim and offender meet with a mediator to resolve their differences
Family Group Conferencing
The offender, victim, their families, and others meet to resolve differences
Victim-Offender Panels
A panel of victims and offenders express their feelings about the offence
Victim-Impact Panel
Enables victims and victim's families to share the impact the crime has had on them
Temporary Absence
An inmate is allowed to leave for up to several days for humanitarian reasons
Statutory Remission
An inmate is credited with time off automatically after entering prison
Earned Remission
An inmate is credited with time off for good behaviour
Day Parole
An inmate is allowed to leave prison for the day
Recidivist
A repeat offender
Parole
When an inmate is released before the end of his/her sentence
Bonding
Insurance on a persons honesty