Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of contemporary sentencing?
Restitution
Which of the following is a model of criminal justice punishment that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general relatively unspecific sentences?
Indeterminate sentencing
The examination of a convicted offender's background prior to sentencing that is generally conducted by probation or parole officials is called the:
Presentence investigation.
Which one of the following is NOT a traditional sentencing option?
Parole
The opposite of mitigating circumstances in sentencing is:
Aggravating circumstances.
In 2004 the Crime Victims' Rights Act established rights for victims:
Of federal crimes.
Which one of the following is NOT a rationale in opposing the death penalty?
The death penalty causes too many appeals and clogs the court system
What is the primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model?
Retribution
Proportionality means that:
There should be a direct relationship between the severity of the sanctions and the seriousness of the crime.
Which term refers to the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses
Incapacitation
Which of the following directs the person detaining a prisoner to bring him or her before a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment?
Writ of habeas corpus
A sentence of 8 to 25 years is an example of a(n):
Indeterminate sentence
Which refers to the use of court-ordered community service, home detention, day reporting, drug treatment, psychological counseling, victim-offender programming, or intensive supervision in lieu of other more traditional sanctions, such as imprisonment an
Alternative sentencing
Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?
Eighth
A victim impact statement is:
Usually a written document describing the suffering and trauma experienced by the crime victim used before sentencing.
Which 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that any fact that increases the mandatory minimum sentence is an "element" that must be submitted to the jury?
Alleyne v. U.S.
In 2013, which state became the third state to adopt racial impact legislation to study and prepare impact statements for proposed changes in sentencing, probation, and parole?
Oregon
A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality is known as:
Specific deterrence.
Which country routinely executes more people than the rest of the world combined?
China
Which is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposing of the sentence for a person convicted of a crime?
Mandatory sentencing
A capital offense is punishable by death.T/F?
True
Fines are one of the oldest criminal sanctions and are widely used. T/F?
True
Victim impact statements generally have a profound impact on the sentence that a defendant receives. T/F?
False
The restorative justice principle is a goal of sentencing that seeks to make the victim "whole again." T/F?
True
Plea bargaining plays a major role in the state court system, but not in the federal system. T/F?
False
A continuing goal of victims' advocacy groups is an amendment to the U.S. Constitution. T/F?
True
Life without parole is the most extreme sentence a convicted felon can receive in any court. T/F?
False
Incapacitation is defined as the act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator. T/F?
False
Rehabilitation seeks to reform a criminal offender and change their behavior. T/F?
True
Good time is the amount of time deducted from time to be served in prison on a given sentence as a consequence of participation in special projects or programs. T/F?
False
Social debt is a sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal history should objectively be taken into account in sentencing decisions.T/F?
True
Justice reinvestment is a concept that prioritizes the use of alternatives to incarceration for persons convicted of eligible nonviolent offenses, standardizes the use of risk assessment instruments in pretrial detention, and authorizes the use of early-r
True
The NVCAP organization seeks to gain tougher sentences for convicted child molesters.T/F?
False
Many states today have statutory provisions that provide for a sentence of capital punishment for especially repugnant crimes known as capital offenses.T/F?
True
Arbitrariness is one of the reasons used to try to abolish capital punishment. T/F?
True
________ circumstances relate to the commission of a crime that may be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant.
Mitigating
The official suspension of criminal or juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral of that person to a treatment or care program is known as _______________.
Diversion
________ sentencing is a model of criminal punishment that includes determinate and commission-created presumptive sentencing schemes, as well as voluntary/advisory sentencing guidelines.
Structured
The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator is known as ______________ in criminal sentencing.
Retribution
____________ is the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses.
Incapacitation
The amount of time deducted from time to be served in prison on a given sentence as a consequence of participation in special projects or programs is called _________ time.
Gain
Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that call for a tougher sentence because of the cruelty or injury to the victim are called ______________ circumstances.
Aggravating
The ____________is the examination of a convicted offender's background prior to sentencing. These examinations are generally conducted by probation or parole officers and are submitted to sentencing authorities.
PSI
The Crime _____________ Rights Act establishes statutory rights for victims of federal crimes and gives them the necessary legal authority to assert those rights in federal court. The act grants the following rights to victims of federal crimes.
Victims'
The in-court use of victim- or survivor-supplied information by sentencing authorities seeking to make an informed sentencing decision is known as the victim _______________ statement
Impact