Chapter 5 Vocab

comes stabuli

A nonuniformed mounted law enforcement officer of medieval England. Early police forces were small and relatively unorganized but made effective use of local resources in the formation of posses, the pursuit of offenders, and the like.

Night Watch

An early form of police patrol in English cities and towns.

Statute of Winchester

A law, written in 1285, that created a watch and ward system in English cities and towns and that codified early police practices.

Bow Street Runners

An early English police unity formed under the leadership of Henry Fielding, magistrate of the Bow Street region of London.

New Police

A police force formed in 1829 under the command of Sir Robert Peel. It became the model for modern-day police forces throughout the Western world.

Bobbies

The popular British name given to member of Sir Robert (Bob) Peel's Metropolitan Police Force.

Vigilantism

The act of taking the law into one's own hands.

Wickersham Commission

The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. In 1931, the commission issued a report stating Prohibition was unenforceable and carried a great potential for police corruption.

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

A now-defunct federal agency established under Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to funnel federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies.

Scientific Police Management

The application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources.

Exemplary Projects Program

An initiative, sponsored by the Law Enforement Assistance Administration, designed to recognize outstanding, innovative efforts to combat crime and to provide assistance to crime victims.

Kansas City Experiment

The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices. Sponsored by the Police Foundation, it focused on the practice of preventive patrol.

Directed Patrol

A police-management stategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques.

Evidence-Based Policing

The use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers.

Federal Law Enforcement Agency

A U.S. government agency or office whose primary functional responsibility is to enforce federal criminal laws.

Sworn Officer

A law enforcement officer who is trained and empowered to perform full police duties, such as making arrests, conducting investigations, and carrying firearms.

Municipal Police Department

A city- or town-based law enforcement agency

Sheriff

The elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency. Is usually responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail.

Private Protective Services

An independent or proprietary commercial organization that provides protective services to employers on a contractual basis.