general service law enforcement
Prevent crime, investigate crimes, maintain order, provide services
one third
2. What percentage of a patrol officer's activities is devoted to criminal law enforcement
crime-fighter image
Movie and television shows feature crime related stories because they offer drama, fast paced action and violence which dramatize the peacekeeping role of the modern day police officer
24 hours
Several factors contribute to the complexity of the police role. What is the most important factor?
social control
the organized way in which society responds to behavior and peoples it regards as deviant, problematic, worrying, threatening, troublesome, or undesirable in some way or another.
private
carried out by family members, friends, and other informal social groups that have the capacity to exercise control through criticism, praise, ostracism, and even violence.
parochial
(secondary social control) control exercised by community organizations such as schools, churches, neighborhood groups, and businesses that often have a stake in individual behavior
public level
exercised by governmental organizations such as the police and regulatory agencies
gatekeepers
Police are the ones that decide whether to make the arrest and bring a person in and put them into the system
herman goldstein
Argues that the police should disaggregate their workload, identify recurring problems, and develop strategies to reduce or eliminate those problems. Instead of thinking in terms of general categories of crime and disorder, the police should identify part
community policing
Says that police should work closely with community residents instead of being an inward looking bureaucracy; that they should emphasize crime prevention as opposed to law enforcement and that they should decentralize the decision making authority to rank
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy
The root of the CAPS plan is the idea that the whole police department, not just a specialized unit, shuld become intimately involved with a partner within the community
zero tolerance policing
Concentrates on relative minor quality of life issues such as urinating in public and fare beating. Kelling and Coles argue that tough enforcement on minor crimes directly contributes to a significant reduction in serious crime
impact of english heritage
specific contributions were limited police authority, tradition of local control of law enforcement, and highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement.Included common law, the high placed value on individual rights, the court systems and f
robert peel core elements
An important political figure in England, he fought for over 30 years to improve law enforcement in that country. Crime prevention, patrolling fixed beats, quasi-military police administration with hierarchical organization, uniforms, rank designation, an
Robert Peele father of modern policing
Created the first police force called the London Metropolitan Police in 1829 officers are still known as "Bobbies" in honor of Peel.
colonial american sheriff
. Most important law enforcement official in America. Appointed by the colonial governor the duties included law enforcement, collecting taxes, supervising elections; maintain bridges and roads and other miscellaneous duties.
colonial law enforcement
Inefficient, corrupt, and affected by political interference. They were reactive, responding to complaints brought to them , to few in number to prevent crime or investigate crimes. Sheriff and watchmen were paid by fees for particular service as a result
1830 1840
When were modern police forces established in the U.S.?
august vollmer
Served as Chief of Police in Berkeley, CA. most famous for advocating higher education for police officers, hiring college graduate sin Berkeley and organizing the first college level police science courses. He also wrote the Wickersham commission report
1916 august vollmer
When were the first college educated police officers hired? Who was primarily responsible for this?
police reform through 60s
(1) Reformers defined policing as a profession. This meant that police should be public servants with a professional obligation to serve the entire community on a nonpartisan basis. (2) eliminate the influence of politics on policing (3) hiring qualified
alice stebbin wells
Leader of womens police movement. Joined the LAPD in 1910, organized the international association of police women and gave many talks around the country about police women.
early state police agencies
Texas Rangers & Pennsylvania state constabulary, which focused on highly centralized, militaristic agency that concentrated on controlling strikes.
technlogical revolution
. Patrol car, two way radio, and telephone. Used patrol car to keep up with citizens and criminals who were now driving cars. Police chiefs believed cars would allow officers to cover their beats more intensely. Two way radio allowed departments to dispat
miranda vs arizona mapp vs ohio
Miranda court overturned his decision because officer had to advise suspects of their right to remain silent and their right to an attorney before being interrogated. Mapp court held that evidence gathered in an illegal search and seizure could not be use
kansas city prevention patrol experiment
Tested the effect of different levels of patrol on crime and found that increased patrol did not reduce crime while reduced patrol did not lead to an increase in crime or public fear of crime
standard operating procedure
Use of deadly force, handling domestic violence, and high speed pursuits
police unions
Won significant improvements in salaries and benefits for officers along with grievance procedures that protected the rights of officers in disciplinary hearings. Police chiefs were no longer all powerful and now had to negotiate with over many management
racial profiling
Civil rights leaders charged that police stopped African American drivers solely on the basis of any suspected criminal activity. Now many states and departments collect data (Wilkins vs. Maryland)