adjudication
the stage in the juvenile justice system that parallels prosecution and trial in adult criminal courts
adjudication hearing
a hearing to determine whether a juvenile committed the offense of which he or she is accused
aftercare
the release and subsequent community supervision of an individual from a correctional facility, intended to ensure a more positive and effective transition back into the community
bail
money or a cash bond deposited with the court or bail bondsmen allowing the person to be released on the assurance he or she will appear in court at the proper time
Breed v. Jones
US Supreme Court decision that a criminal prosecution of a child following a juvenile court hearing constitutes double jeopardy
demand waiver
process by which a juvenile may request to have his or her case transferred to criminal court
detention
the temporary custody and care of juveniles pending adjudication, deposition, or implementation of disposition
disposition hearing
a hearing to determine the most appropriate placement of a juvenile adjudicated to be delinquent
diversion
the early suspension or termination of the official processing of a juvenile in favor of an informal or unofficial alternative
double jeopardy
rule that forbids criminal prosecution of a juvenile after he or she has been tried in juvenile court for the same offense
electronic monitering
an active or passive computer based tracking system in which electronic signals are used to verify that the youth is where he or she is supposed to be
exlusionary rule
rule stating that illegally obtained evidence may not be admissible in a criminal prosecution or in a juvenile court adjudication hearing
home confinement
the intensive supervision and monitoring of an offending youth within his or her home environment
In re Gault
case in which the US Supreme Court held that juveniles could not be denied basic due process rights in juvenile hearings
In re Winship
US Supreme Court ruling that, in delinquency cases, juveniles should be convicted only if proof of their guilt beyond a reasonable doubt exists
intake
the initial screening process in the juvenile court to determine whether a case should be processed further
intensive aftercare program
equivalent to intensive parole supervision, a monitoring approach used to provide greater supervision of youths after their release from official institutions
judicial waiver
most common waiver procedure for transferring youths to criminal court, in which the judge is the primary decision maker
Kent v. US
US Supreme Court decision requiring a formal waiver hearing before transfer of a juvenile to criminal court
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
US Supreme Court decision that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial in juvenile court
petition
similar to an indictment, a written statement setting forth the specific charge that a delinquent act has been committed or that a child is dependent or neglected or needs supervision
police discretion
the authority of police to choose one course of action over another
probation
the conditional freedom granters by the court to an alleged or adjudicated offender, who must adhere to certain conditions and is generally supervised by a probation officer
prosecutorial waiver
process in which the prosecutor determines whether a charge against a juvenile should be filed in criminal or juvenile court
reverse waiver
process in which a juvenile contests a statuary exclusion or prosecutorial transfer
Roper v. Simmons
US Supreme Court decision that the death penalty for anyone who was younger than 18 at the time of his or her crime is unconsititional
Schall v. Martin
US Supreme COurt decision authorizing the preventive detention of juveniles who are identified as "serious risks" to the community if released
statutory exclusion
process established by statue that excludes certain juveniles, because of either age or offense, from juvenile court jurisdiction
waiver of jurisdiction
a legal process to transfer a juvenile from juvenile to criminal court
Yarborough v. Alvarado
US Supreme Court ruling that police do not need to factor in the age and inexperience of a suspect in their decision about whether to read a juvenile his or her Miranda rights if the youth is not believed to be "in custody