The local view of the proper sentence, considering the offense and the defendants prior record, is called
the going rate
(page 394)
The values and norms shared by members of a particular court community about how cases should be handled, and the way court officials should behave is called the
local legal culture
(page 393)
Which of the following would NOT be considered part of the local legal culture?
criminal defendants
(page 393)
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a work group?
continued interaction brings conflict
(page 394)
The research of Eisenstein and Jacob on the impact of courtroom work groups across major cities reveled that ?
the same type of felony was handled very differently in each city
(page 397)
Which best describes how often cases are plea bargained?
a vast majority of cases are plea barging
(page 397)
In Santobello v New York (1971), the United States Supreme Court ruled that ?
when a guilty pleas rest on promise of prosecutor it must be fulfilled
(page 398)
During plea bargaining, a multiple-offense indictment is a tactic used by an
a prosecutor
(page 402)
A process where shared understanding create the expectation that a guilty plea will lead to a less than maximum sentence even with out any actual bargaining is called
implicate plea barging
(page 402)
In North Carolina vs Alford (1970) the Court ruled that
a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by different who maintains his/her innocence
(page 403)
In Ricketts Vs Adamson (1987) the Court ruled that
Defendants must uphold the plea agreement or risk going to trail and receiving a harsher sentence
(page 403)
The most important factor in the decision to take a case to trial is likely to be the
Seriousness of the charge
(page 404)
The bench trail is presided over by
a judge and no jury
(page 406)
A legal petition requesting that a judge examine whether an individual is being properly detained is called an
habes corpus
(page 408)
Which of the following is true concerning appeals
most appeals by criminal are NOT unsuccessful
(page 418)
From what population are jury pools drawn?
registered voters and licensed drivers
What popular misconception exists about the appellate process?
a large amount of criminal are being let off
(page 419)
The right of the accused to a speedy and public trail is found in the
the 6th amendment
Punishment that assumes the general public will not commit a crime because they observe the punishment of others is called ?
general deterrence
Which English scholar developed utilitarianism and viewed retribution as pointless
Bentham
(page 428)
Punishment designed to affect the future choice and behavior of individuals and targeted toward individuals who have already been convicted is called
special deterrence
(page 428)
Punishment that uses imprisonment or execution to prevent a person from committing additional crimes is called
Incapacitation
(page 429)
When the goal of punishment is to restore a convicted offender to society through treatment, this is called
rehabilitation
(page 430)
Which term is used to define a model of justice that focuses on repairing damage done to the victim and the community?
restoration
What type of punishment did Michael Fay an American citizen, receive in Singapore vandalism and possession of stolen property?
6 strokes of a cane
When the commission of a specific crime leads offenders to be required to serve a minimum period of incarceration before release, this is called?
mandatory sentence
(page 436)
Who determines whether a prisoner has a reduction in sentence due to good time for behavior?
prison administrator
(page 437)
Which of the following is TRUE about the death penalty?
The U.S. is virtually the only western democracy to use the death penalty
(page 440)
How many states in the United states use the death penalty?
3/4 of the states
The United states Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty as administrate unconstitutional cruel and unusual punishment in the case of
Furman & Georgia
Probation officers play a role in the sentencing by
preparing the pre-sentence report for the judge
Legislatures construct sentencing guidelines according to two dimensions. Thses dimensions are
seriousness of the offense and recidivism
Which demographic group are you most likely to find overrepresented in the prison population of most states?
Hispanic men
(page 456)
In recent years, dozens of people have been released from prison when their innocence was discovered through the use of
DNA testing
(page 458)
Which of the following statements about the death penalty is TRUE
according to the Vienna convention if a foreigner is convicted to death his or her home country must be notic
which of the following is TRUE regarding presence reports
they easy the strain of decision making for a judge
which of the following is true about the juvenile violent crime rate today?
It has returned to a lower level matching the 1985 rate
The child has been determined to receive inadequate care because of some action or inaction on the part of the parents
neglected child
In England the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called
parens portray
Under common law children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of
age of 7
Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults such as cigarette smoke or truancy are called what in the juvenile justice context?
status offensives
In Kent Vs United States and In re Gault the United States Supreme Court extended due process
1960s
Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the united States supreme Courts decision of f Breed vs Jones
double jeopardy
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trail if they are deemed a risk to the community?
schall and matin vs 1984
What was the focus of the Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids are different" era?
elimination of the death penalty for juveniles
Which of the following is NOT one of the main concepts of juvenile justice?
detoxification
Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies between
16-18
What is the youngest age a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?
10
In its original, underlying philosophy, the juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the their needs of the
child
The process of screening children out of the system without a decisions is called
diversion
Which United states supreme court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and protections against self incrimination?
Fare & Micheal 1979
The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with
Order maintenance
Which goal of punishment is achieved by banishment as depicted in the documentary viewed in class
rehabilitation
What is the name of the documentary on banishment of the two Alaskan youths?
the eagle and the raven
Which of the following is NOT true about plea barging
Offenders who plea guilty to serious chargers must wait longer to get into prison counseling education programs
(page 399)
The purist of punishment on a person as "pay back" for harming society by violating criminal laws is called?
retribution
(page 428)
Which of the following is NOT true about incarceration
incarceration is inexpensive
Which of the following is true about the due process with juveniles
juveniles only some the due process rights guaranteed of adults
what unites states supreme court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers
New jersey and TLO