Nurse Practitioner (NP & RN)
primary care delivery and psychosocial and physical health problems
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS & RN)
manages patients with complex needs (obstetrics, pediatrics, psychiatry)
Nurse Midwife
provides normal prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care
Nurse Anesthesist
provides anesthesia; was the first role expanded for nurses requiring certificate
Nurse Managers (CNO)
has administrative authority for activities and training of other nurses; maintains standards of practice and policy
Special-Duty Nurse
employed by a patient or family; an organization is generally not liable for negligence unless master-servent relationship is discovered
Floating Nurse
rotates from unit to unit
Nurse Assistant
can assist patients with activities of daily living
Student Nurse
provides nursing care to patients; is personally liable and facility is liable based on respondent superior
EMTALA (emergency medical treatment & active labor act)
forbids Medicare-participating hospitals from "dumping" patients out of emergency departments (1986)
Privacy Act of 1974
- Safeguarded individual privacy from the misuse of federal records
- Gave individuals access to records concerning themselves that are maintained by federal agencies
- Established a Privacy Protection Safety Commission
DRG (Diagnosed Related Groups)
a method of classifying patients by categories according to age, diagnosis, and treatment resource requirements
Informed Consent
a legal doctrine that provides that a patient has the right to know the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives of proposed procedures
Express Consent
verbal or written consent
Implied Consent
emergency situations; when impediment action is needed to prevent death or permanent impairment of patient's health; it is required by law to help unconscious patients
Verbal Consent
as binding as written consent, but more difficult to prove
Written Consent
consent forms should be executed when a proposed treatment may involve some unusual risk to the patient; it provides physical proof of consent
Statutory Consent
Provides that when a patient is clinically unable to give consent to a lifesaving treatment, the law implies consent on the presumption on a reasonable person would consent to lifesaving intervention; person needs to be clinically unable! (mentally ill)
Temporary Consent
An agreement that allows the health care facility to initiate emergency treatment while an attempt is being made to reach the family for consent
Respondent Superior
a legal doctrine holding employers liable for the wrongful acts of their employers
Physician's Assistant
Duties: suturing minor wounds, administer injections, preform routine history and physical exams; they should be monitored and supervised by a physical
Respiratory Therapist
responsible for the treatment, management, diagnostic testing, and control of patients with cardiopulmonary defects
Medical Assistants
an unlicensed person who provides administrative, clerical, and/or technical support to a licensed practitioner
Physical Therapy
the art and science of preventing and treating neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disabilities and rehabilitation potential
Consent for Specific Procedures Only
consent for anesthesia, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and imaging
Judicial Consent
may be necessary in those instances where there is a concern as to the absence or legality of consent
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
privacy, confidentiality, security, administrative, physical, technical
Health Care Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA)
Enacted in part to provide those persons giving information to professional review bodies and those assisting in review activities limited immunity from damages that may arise as a result of adverse decisions that affect a physician's medical staff privil
Patient Self-Determination Act
Protects patients rights about making decisions regarding their own health. Provides that each individual has a right under state law to make decisions concerning his or her medical care, including the right to accept or refuse medical treatment
Persons who can consent
a competent patient, a guardian, a parent, an emancipated minor
Disclosure Rules
physical, not hospital, has duty to advise a patient of risks of treatment. Patients AND physicials have duty to disclose
Exculpatory Agreements
an agreement that relieves one from liability when he or she has acted in good faith
Child Abuse
the intentional serious mental, emotional, sexual, and/or physical injury inflicted by a family or other person responsible for child's care
Neglect
the failure to provide the care necessary to avoid physical harm
Good Faith
reasonable cause to believe a child's injuries were not accidental; not acting from his/her desire to harass, injure, or embarrass the child's parents
Elder Abuse
any form of mistreatment that results in harm or loss in an oler person (physical, sexual, psychological, financial)
Medical Malpractice Action
written complaint or claim demanding payment based on a healthcare practitioner's provision of or failure to provide healthcare services, including the filing of a cause of action on tort law, brought in any state or federal court.
Entity
an entity that provides healthcare services and engages in professional review activity through a formal peer-review process for the purpose of furthering quality health care or committee of that entity
Incident Report
contains statements made by employees and physicians regarding a deviation from acceptable patient care
Serious Event
an event involving the clinical care of a patient in a medical facility that results in death or compromises patient safety and results in an unanticipated injury requiring the delivery of additional healthcare services to the patient
Sentinel Event
an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof
Abandonment
the unilateral termination of a physician-patient relationship by the physician without notice to the patient
CPT (Current Procedural Terminology)
accurately describes medical, surgical, and diagnostic services and is designed to communicate uniform information about medical services and procedures among health care providers
RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
a chronologic review of an event to identify what, why, how, when, and where an unwanted event occurred in order to prevent reoccurrence of the event
Reciprocity
an agreement between two states
Endorsements
board determines if a nurse qualifications meet state board standard
Waiver
specific prerequisites may be waived
Examination
some states require all to take, temporary licenses an be granted
Communicable Diseases
most states have enacted laws that require the reporting of actual or suspected cases of communicable diseases; to protect citizen's health by quarantine
Births & Deaths
all births and deaths are reportable; births occurring outside of a health care physicality should be reported by an attendant
Suspicious Deaths
- May be result of some form of criminal activity
- Must be referred for further review
- Examples: violent deaths, deaths caused by unlawful acts or criminal neglect, and deaths that may be considered suspicious or unusual
Incident Reporting
contain statements made by employees and physicians regarding a deviation from acceptable patient care. Some states require investigation & reporting on certain incidences