The theory that involves listening to patients' accounts of dreams and uncensored thoughts is the _____ theory.
a) humanistic
b) social learning
c) psychoanalytic
d) cognitive
c) psychoanalytic
Who said: "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select"?
a) Watson
b) Piaget
c) Erikson
d) Freud
a) Watson
Piaget's third period of cognitive development is:
a) sensorimotor
b) preoperational
c) formal operational
d) concrete operational
d) concrete operational
According to Freud, who is MOST likely to be in the phallic stage?
a) a 7 year old boy
b) a 4 year old girl
c) a 1 year old boy
d) a 12 year old girl
b) a 4 year old girl
The behaviorists' main objection to the psychoanalytic emphasis on unconscious, hidden urges was that:
a) the urges were conscious rather than unconscious
b) the scientific data collected was quantitative
c) the urges could not be measured and verified
d)
c) the urges could not be measured and verified
According to Piaget, the preoperational period is characterized by:
a) the use of senses and motor abilities to understand the world
b) symbolic and egocentric thinking
c) an interest in social and moral issues
d) the application of logical abilities
b) symbolic and egocentric thinking
On Monday, Peter announces to his parents that he wants to be called Pierre. On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out of school. On Friday, he says he wants to get a tattoo and become an architect. Erikson would say that Peter is struggling with the cha
c) role confusion
White coat syndrome occurs when a patient sees a doctor and exhibits a rise in blood pressure. According to behaviorism, this BEST demonstrates:
a) psychosocial learning
b) unconscious fears
c) classical conditioning
d) operant conditioning
c) classical conditioning
Some Western legal systems denote either 7 or 8 as the age at which a child attains reason. Is such a designation defensible from a Piagetian standpoint?
a) No. Children can reason much earlier than this, during the preoperational period.
b) Yes. Children
b) Yes. Children do acquire some basic reasoning skills during the concrete operational period.
Fidelma is 5 years old, and she likes to help her mother when it is time for supper. However, her mother is often quick-tempered at the end of the day, scolding Fidelma when she tries to help. Her mother finds that she can get things done more quickly if
c) initiative
Some children who see their parents abuse each other also become abusive in their relationships. This type of behavior is called:
a) classical conditioning
b) social learning
c) instrumental learning
d) operant conditioning
b) social learning
A father wants his son to start helping his mother do the laundry. According to social learning theory, the father should:
a) promise to buy his son a present if he helps
b) explain to his son that his mother needs his help
c) tell his son that he cant ri
d) help out with the laundry himself
John, 72, is trying to make sense out of his life. He feels great disappointment when he thinks about the goals that he never reached. His behavior falls into which of Erikson's stages?
a) integrity versus despair
b) intimacy versus isolation
c) industry
a) integrity versus despair
According to Erikson, when a 4-year-old child attempts to put on her own shirt or make a cake with her own recipe, she is demonstrating:
a) inferiority
b) initiative
c) identity
d) trust
b) initiative
Isabel, who is 5 years old, writes her first poem in kindergarten using words and drawings. She is in Piaget's _____ period.
a) sensorimotor
b) concrete operational
c) preoperational
d) formal operational
c) preoperational
According to sociocultural theory, human development is the result of an interaction between developing persons and their:
a) epigenetic experiences
b) surrounding society and culture
c) genetic ancestry
d) physical well-being
b) surrounding society and culture
How do developmental psychology's newer theories differ from the grand theories inspired by Freud, Pavlov, and Piaget?
a) psychology's newer theories better reflect cultural and historical diversity than do the grand theories
b) psychology's newer theorie
a) psychology's newer theories better reflect cultural and historical diversity than do the grand theories
A process essential to evolutionary theory by which living creatures adjust to their environment is referred to as selective _____.
adaptation
Dr. Seymour, a developmental psychologist, selectively uses aspects of all developmental theories in therapy sessions. She is using a(n) _____ approach.
eclectic
A shortcoming of the textbook's "grand theorists" is that their:
a) theories were not comprehensive
b) work inspired little subsequent research
c) theories lacked practical applications
d) cultural and historical perspective was limited
d) cultural and historical perspective was limited
Dr. Blanco believes that the reason so many people have a fear of snakes is because some snakes are dangerous to humans and the fear has survival value. Dr. Blanco's view of this fear BEST illustrates the _____ perspective.
evolutionary
Amanda has learned in day care that sharing toys helps to create friendships. This illustrates Lev Vygotsky's belief that _____ is/are MOST influential in a child's learning.
a) repetition of information
b) social experiences
c) genetic potential
d) cogni
b) social experiences
David, a school psychologist, considers each child's social and cultural background when assessing his or her development. David is MOST likely working within the _____ perspective.
sociocultural
Heather's two toddlers often accompany her on routine trips to the supermarket. Heather uses the opportunity to point out and identify different fruits and vegetables. She explains how each one contributes to a healthy diet. Heather is using _____ to teac
a) guided participation
Dr. Evans believes that the reason so many people have a fear of snakes is because some snakes are dangerous to humans and the fear has survival value. Dr. Evans' view of this fear BEST illustrates the _____ perspective.
a) humanistic
b) psychoanalytic
c)
c) evolutionary
Dr. Lilja is an evolutionary psychologist. She believes that the reason very few people in Sweden are lactose-intolerant is because of selective _____.
adaptation