Math Terms

Integers

All numbers, negative and positive including zero.

Positive Integers

All positive numbers starting with 1

Negative Integers

All negative numbers starting with -1

Whole numbers

All positive integers and zero

Zero

An integer that is neither positive or negative

Even numbers

Integers that are divisible by two

Odd numbers

Integers that are not divisible by two

Consecutive Integers

Integers in a sequence

Real numbers

All numbers, including decimals and fractions that correspond to a point on the number line

Factor

A divisor of an integer

Multiple of an integer n

The product of n and another integer

Prime number

A positive integer that has exactly two different positive factors, 1 and itself

Reciprocal

the inverse of a number (the reciprocal of 5 is 1/5)

Exponent

A superscript of a number that indicated the number of times to multiply the number by itself

Number squared

A number that is multiplied by itself

Number cubed

A number multipled twice by itself

Square root a number

A positive number that when squared produces the given number

Ratio

A comparison of two or more quantities

Percent

Amount per hundred

Percent change

amount of change/ original amount

Variable

A letter such as x or n, that is used to represent an unknown quality

Equation

A statement of equality between two algebraic expressions

Sequence

An ordered list of numbers

Counterexample

An example that would contradict a statement or a claim

Milli

One one-thousandth

Centi

One one-hundredth

Kilo

One thousand

12 inches

One foot

3 feet

1 yard

5,280 feet; 1,760 yards

1 mile

16 ounces

1 pound

2,000 pounds

1 short ton

8 fluid ounces

1 cup

2 cups

1 pint

2 pints

1 quart

4 quarts

1 gallon

Meter

Length

Gram

Mass

Liter

Volume

degree Celcius

Temperature

Line

A straight line extends infinitely in both directions

Line segment

A segment has two endpoints

Parallel lines

Two lines in the same plane that do not intersect

Perpendicular lines

Two lines that intersect to form four angles of equal measure and each angle has a measure of 90 degrees

Ray

A single endpoint and extends infinitely from that point

Angles

Created by the the intersection of two lines. rays or segments

Vertex

The point where two lines intersect

Straight angle

Measures 180 degree and can be represented by a straight line

Right Angle

90 degrees

Acute Angle

Less than 90 degrees

Obtuse Angle

Over 90 degrees

Complementary Angles

Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees

Supplementary Angles

Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees

Equilateral Triangle

Three equal sides

Isosceles Triangle

Two equal sides

Right Triangles

90 degree angle

Hypotenuse

The side opposite of the right angle

Legs

The other two sides of the right triangle

Perimeter

Measurement of the distance around an object. Add the measurements of all the sides

Circumference

Distance around the circle

Linear units of measure

Used to measure length

Square units of measure

Used to measure the area of a two-dimensional surface or the surface area of 3D figures

Surface Area

Total area of all outside surfaces of 3D objects

Plane Transformations

Translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations