Chapter 9: Geometry

line

a set of points that extends without end in two opposite directions

ray

a part of a line that has one endpoint and extends without end in one direction

line segment

a part of a line that consists of two endpoints and all the points between them

plane

a flat surface that extends without end in all directions

parallel lines

lines in the same plane that never meet

intersecting lines

lines in a plane that meet at a point

perpendicular lines

when two lines meet at a right angle

angle

a figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint

degree

a unit used to measure angles

right angle

an angle whose measure is exactly 90 degrees

acute angle

an angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees

obtuse angle

an angle whose measure is between 90 and 180 degrees

straight angle

an angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees

vertical angles

when two lines intersect, the angles opposite each other

complementary angles

two angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees

supplementary angles

two angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees

triangle

a closed plane figure with three straight sides that connect three points

acute triangle

a triangle with three acute angles

obtuse triangle

a triangle with one obtuse angle

right triangle

a triangle with one right angle

equilateral triangle

a triangle with three sides of the same length

isosceles triangle

a triangle with at least two sides of the same length

scalene triangle

a triangle with three sides of different lengths

quadrilateral

a plane figure formed by four segments called sides. each side intersects exactly two other sides, one at each endpoint, and no two sides are part of the same line

parallelogram

a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides

rectangle

a parallelogram with four right angles

rhombus

a parallelogram with four sides of equal length

square

a parallelogram with four right angles and four sides of equal length

polygon

a closed plane figure that is formed by three or more segments called sides. each side intersects exactly two other sides.

pentagon

a polygon with five sides

hexagon

a polygon with six sides

octagon

a polygon with eight sides

regular polygon

a polygon with equal sides lengths and equal angle measures

diagonal

a segment, other than a side, that connects two vertices of a polygon

similar figures

figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size

congruent figures

figures with the same size and shape

corresponding parts

the matching sides and angles of two figures

line of symmetry

when a line can be drawn that divides the figure into two congruent parts that are mirror images of each other