ISEE Lower Level Math Vocabulary

integers

All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero.

consecutive numbers

in order. Ex: 8, 9, 10. OR by even #'s 2,4,6,8

composite number

a number that has more than two factors. Example: 8 is a composite number because it has four factors. 1, 2,4, 8.

prime number

A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.

rational number

written as a ratio (fraction)

commutative property of addition

the sum stays the same when the order of the addends is changed. a+b = b+a

commutative property of multiplication

the product stays the same when the order of the factors is changed ab = ba

distributive property

a (b+c) = (ab) + (ac) and a(b-c) = (ab) - (ac)

associative property

Changing the grouping of numbers will NOT change the value. For example: (7 + 4) + 8 = 7 + (4 + 8) also works with multiplication

standard form

3,425

expression

a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement....example 8 + 7

equivalent

equal to

sum

The answer in an addition problem

product

The answer in a multiplication problem

quotient

the result of the division of one quantity by anotherdividend/divisor=quotient Example 12/4=3

remainder

an amount left over when one number is divided by another.

divisibility rules

last digit even then divisible by 2, last digit 0 or 5 divisibile by 5, last digit 0 divisible by 10, sum of digits divisible by 3 or 9 then divisible by 3 or 9

factor

an integer that divides evenly into anotherEx: 2x6=12; 2 and 6 are factors of 12

multiples

the multiples of a number are all the numbers you get when you count by that number

PEMDAS -- order of operationsPlease excuse my dear aunt sally

Parentheses, Exponents,Multiplication and Division(reversible), Addition and Subtraction (reversible)

algebra

2(5) + x = 14 solve for x

algebra 2

2x + x + 4x = 14, solve for x

perimeter

Adding all the sides of a shape together. The distance around a figure

area of a rectangle (LxW=A) or W= A/L or L=A/W

multiply the LENGTH by the WIDTH (squared)

area of a triangle

1/2 of length multiplied by width (squared)

formula for volume of a cube

V= BH in cubic units. Volume = base * height

congruent

Figures that have the same size and shape.

vertical

a line that goes up and down

Vertical angles

the opposite angles formed when two lines intersect. Vertical angles are congruent.

horizontal

a line that goes side to side

parallel

lines that run exactly the same direction. can bevertical or horizontal.

perpendicular

one vertical and one horizontal line that meet

line segment

A part of a line with two endpoints

Vertex

A point where two or more straight lines meet to form an angle.

pentagon

5 sided polygon

hexagon

6 sided polygon

octagon

8 sided polygon

quadrilateral

a four-sided polygon

trapezoid

A quadrilateral (4 sides & 4 angles) with one pair of parallel sides.

parallelogram

A quadrilateral (4 sides & 4 angles) where opposites sides are parallel. (ie: Rectangle, square, rhombus, & diamond are parallograms)

rhombus

A parallelogram with four equal sides

sphere

A solid shape that is perfectly round like a ball. No faces, edges, or vertices.

oval

...

equilateral triangle

A triangle with three congruent sides

reflection

A transformation of a figure that flips the figure across a line

symmetry

A plane figure that can be folded along a line so the two parts match.

symmetry of a circle

a circle has an infinite number of lines of symmetry

congruency

figures with the same shape and size

similarity

Figures or shapes that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size

coordinates

Ordered pairs that identify points on a coordinate plane. (x,y)

coordinate plane

a grid formed by a horizontal line called the x-axis and the vertical line called y-axis

Venn Diagram

a drawing that shows relationships among sets of objects

input/output formula

try divided by 2, then add one

probability

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. Written as a ratio (or fraction with the denominator being the total number of choices and the numerator being one of the choices)

mean (average)

The average of a set of numbers. It is found by adding all the numbers together and then dividing by the amount of numbers.

median

the middle number of a set of numbers when the numbers are arranged from least to greatest

mode

Most frequently occurring number

range

Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data.

percentage

A portion of 100

square root

a number that when multiplied by itself equals a given number

fractions work

learn how to: add with unlike denominator, multiply a fraction by a whole number, turn an improper fraction into a mixed number and reverse, turn a fraction into a decimal, learn 1/2 = .5, how to find 1/2...

decimal work

add decimals, add money, read .1 as 1/10 etc,