arc
part of a circle
chord
a segment whose endpoints are on a given circle
conditional statement
a statement with the hypothesis and conclusion in the form , if hypothesis, then conclusion (e.g. , if a closed figure has exactly three sides, then the figure is a triangle)
congruent
having the same shape and exactly the same size
conjecture
an unproven statement based on observations
contrapositive
a conditional statement that is the logical equivalent to the original statement exchanging the hypothesis with the conclusion and negating both of them
converse
a conditional statement that exchanges the hypothesis (if) and conclusion (then) components of an if-then statement
counterexample
an example used to contradict or disprove a given statement
deductive
a series of logical steps in which a conclusion is drawn directly from a set of statements ( premises) that are assumed to be true.
Euclidean geometry
a geometry of a plane in which Euclid's Parallel Postulate is accepted as true
expression
a mathematical phrase containing one or more terms linked by operation symbols
inductive
a reasoning process in which a conclusion is drawn from several observations
midpoint
a point on a line segment halfway between the two endpoints
parameter
algebraic/geometric:a quantity or constant whose value varies with the circumstances of its application statistical: a single number that describes some aspect of an entire population
postulate
a mathematical statement that is accepted as true without proof
power
a quantity with a base and an exponent (e.g. x⁵ , where x is the base and 5 is the exponent)
proposition
a statement of truth that has yet to be proven
Pythagorean theorem
the statement that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse ( a² + b² = c² )
quadrilateral
a polygon with four sides
radical
a symbol used to refer to the root of a number or term
reflection
a transformation creating a mirror image of the original figure on the opposite side of the line of reflection
right angle
an angle whose measure is 90 degrees
root
the solution (zeros) of a function
secant
a line that intersects a circle or some other curve at two points
sector of a circle
a region bounded by a central angle and its arc
sine
in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse
cosine
in a right triangle , the ratio of the length of the leg adjacent to a given acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse
tangent
geometry: a line in a plane of a circle that intersects the circle at exactly one point trigonometry: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the leg opposite a given acute angle to the leg adjacent to the same angle
slope
the measure of steepness of a line calculated as the change in y divided by the change in x ( the rise over the run)
theorem
a mathematical statement or proposition proven using previously accepted results