What is the scientific name for a horse?
Equus caballus
What were important roles for horses in the PAST?
*Transportation
-Agriculture
-Warfare
-Racing
-Art/Mythology/Religion
When did horses peak in agriculture?
Peaked at 21 MILLION in 1918
What caused the number of horses to decline and in what year?
Introduction of tractors - declined to 2 million by the 1950's
What are horses used for NOW?
#NAME?
Foal
young horse of either sex, less than one year old.
Weanling
foal following weaning.
Yearling
horse between 1-2 years of age.
Colt
male horse under 4 years old.
Filly
female horse under 4 years old.
Stallion
intact horse over 4 years old.
Mare
female horse 4 years and older.
Gelding
castrated male horse of any age.
What is a hand in horse terms?
-unit of measurement
-4 inches = one hand
-measure from the GROUND to their WITHERS
Ponies
-less than 14.2 hands
-less than 800 pounds
Light horses
-15 - 17.2 hands
-900 - 1,200 pounds
Heavy horses
16-18 hands
Over 1,400 pounds
Hot Bloods
#NAME?
Warm Bloods
#NAME?
Cold Bloods
#NAME?
What are colored breeds?
they are registered that accept horses of almost any breed or type and the color is a primary or only criterion for registration
What are the colored breeds?
#NAME?
How many recognized breeds of horses are there?
Over 200
Trot
2 beat gait
Canter
3 beat gait
Galloping
4 beat gait (can exceed 40MPH)
Snip (MARKING)
Star (MARKING)
Stripe (MARKING)
Blaze (MARKING)
Bald (MARKING)
Sock (MARKING)
Stocking (MARKING)
Pastern (MARKING)
Coronet (MARKING)
Half-Pastern (MARKING)
Walk
4 beat gait (slowest)
TRUE OR FALSE: Equine Infectious Anemia is a VIRAL disease (it's also known as SWAMP FEVER)
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: There's a vaccine and treatment for Equine Infectious Anemia
FALSE! No vaccine and no treatment currently in the animal science community!
What is EIA transmitted by?
Insects (vectors)
What are symptoms of EIA?
-fever
-petechial hemorrhages (colored spots on the mucous membranes).
-Depression
-Weight loss
-Anemia
How long do carriers of EIA usually stay as carriers?
For life (that's what is thought, not 100% correct though).
TRUE OR FALSE: EIA is considered a Classic Bloodborne Infection
TRUE
How can you prevent the spread of EIA? How can owners help?
Prevention: minimizing or eliminating contact with secretions, excretions, and blood of an EIA positive horse. Quarantining suspected or confirmed cases.
-Owners: use disposable syringes/needles, sterilize all equipment after each use, keep facilities cle
Coggins (test for EIA)
-Developed in the early 1970's to test for EIA
-Most states require a negative test 6-12 months before a horse is transported within their state
-Serological test that tests for antibodies against the EIA virus in the horses blood.
What are some causes of lameness?
#NAME?
Who created the Lameness Scale?
American association of equine practitioners
Grade 0
A sound horse.
Grade 1
Lameness that is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent.
Grade 2
Lameness that is difficult to observe at a walker when trotting in a straight line, but consistently apparent under certain circumstances.
Grade 3
Lameness that is consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances.
Grade 4
Lameness that is obvious at the walk.
Grade 5
Lameness that produces minimal weight bearing in motion and/or at rest, or a complete inability to move.
Head bob UP
When a sore forelimb hits the ground.
Head bob DOWN
When a sore hind limb hits the ground.
TRUE OR FALSE: the more pronounced the bob, the more severe the pain.
TRUE
What is the normal rectal temperature for an adult horse?
99F - 100F
What is the normal temperature for a foal?
100F - 102F
Where can you take the pulse on a horse?
Lingual artery (bottom side of the jaw)
What is the normal heart rate for an adult horse?
24 - 36 beats per minute
What is the normal heart rate for a foal?
70 - 100 beats per minute
How can you take a horses respiratory rate?
Watch the horse breathe or feeling the air come out of their nostrils.
What is the average number of breaths per minute in adult horses?
8 -12 breaths per minute
What is the average number of breaths per minute for newborn foals?
60 - 80 breaths per minute
What is Thrush?
Anaerobic bacterial infection of the frog and commissure groove.
What is Navicular?
Inflammation of the navicular bone and/or the brusa.
What is Laminitis?
Inflammation of the sensitive laminae which attach the hoof capsule to the fleshy portion of the foot.
What are the four reasons that horses need to be brushed?
1. Removed dead hair and dirt
2. Improves circulation
3. Improves coat sheen
4. Allows for close inspection