Quantitative data ________
are data that are expressed by numbers and can be tested using statistics
How are worm snails different from most other snails?
worm snails are stationary while most other snails are mobile
Which of the following is likely the best place to find adult worm snails?
stuck on an oil ring
You create an artificial habitat for worm snails in a lab for further study. Which of the following will you need to provide as a food source?
microorganisms
Which of the following is true in the Florida Keys?
Ecologists are concerned that worm snails will colonize the artificial reefs.
Which of the following do worm snails use to excrete their slime?
tentacles
A new species of Cuscuta is discovered. Which of the following is true?
lacks leaves and roots
You wish to study the method by which Cuscuta obtains nutrients. Which of the following do you research?
haustoria
If this experiment is repeated with a piercing/sucking insect and the results are the same, which of the following will be true?
the host plant will send a message through the dodder to nearby plants
Because it plays a role in dodder-mediated systemic signaling, removing which of the following from plants would be an interesting next step in this research?
jasmonic acid
Most farmers consider dodder to be what?
pest
According to this study, which of the following would do the most to reduce the environmental impact of producing bread?
not using fertilizers to produce it
You are an environmental scientist studying the impacts of typical fertilizers on climate change. Which of the following should you measure going into the atmosphere after such fertilizers break down in the soil?
nitrous oxide
This research was done in Britain. Assuming consumers in the United States are similar, which of the following is true?
The majority of consumers are unaware of the environmental impacts of food choices, as it is not one of their main concerns.
Monsanto wishes to genetically modify seeds to reduce climate change emissions caused by wheat production. Which of the following would be best?
create a variety that requires less fertilizer
Which of the following is most likely to be interested in using SCEnAT?
A plastics company interested in greenhouse gas emissions generated throughout the life cycle of their products.
Based on this data, which statement is most accurate regarding the change in lead use in gasoline and average blood lead concentration in children over time?
both lead use in gasoline and blood lead concentration in U.S. children declined most rapidly between 1975 and 1985
As you show data from the graph in the previous part, what is the most important "take home" message you might share with audience, based on the relationship between the amount of lead in gasoline and blood lead concentration in children between the years
A sharp drop in the amount of lead used in gasoline was followed by a similarly sharp decline in blood lead concentrations in children between 1970 and 1990, suggesting that lead use in gasoline was strongly correlated to lead exposure, and the ban on lea
As a researcher, you have been asked to analyze trends in the decline in lead use in U.S. gasoline over time. Based on the data in the graph, by what percentage did the amount of lead used in gasoline decrease between the years 1970 and 1985?
80%
Which of the following is currently true?
Most electricity in the United States comes from nonrenewable resources.
Immediately ceasing all use of which of the following would have the greatest impact on climate change?
coal
Your uncle is the CEO of CONSOL Energy. Who is in charge of the law preventing him from opening a new coal mine on federally-owned land?
Department of the interior
Which of the following is least likely to support the Clean Power Plan?
coal mining company BHP
the transition from coal to wind happens as predicted in Wyoming, which of the following will be true?
less jobs
The red-cockaded woodpecker is a federally endangered species. If only traditional techniques are used to protect this bird, which of the following will be done?
would be protected in its small natural habitat
The big sandy crayfish has been proposed for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Which federal agency will decide if it should be listed?
???
Which of the following is most likely to support listing numerous candidate species on the Endangered Species List?
The Center for Biological Diversity
Which of the following is John Muir most likely to have agreed with?
A species should be protected because it is an integral part of nature
All of the following contribute to 21st century sustainability EXCEPT __________
lowering the federal tax on gasoline to lessen the financial burden on citizens living below the poverty line
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of sustainability?
Water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources.
You have read about the mistakes made on Easter Island. On Tikopia, another small island, the people acted differently. When they realized that the pigs they had imported were damaging the environment, they killed them all. They had to have permission fro
they truly practiced sustainability
The average footprint per person has increased from 2.2 to 2.9 since 2008, and the footprints of many developing nations, such as India and China, have also increased. This means that ________.
our collective lifestyle is even more unsustainable than before
How many citizens of Mexico does it take to equal the ecological footprint of the average citizen of the United States?
just over 3
Members of the __________ movement would be very concerned about the unequal exposure of members of a certain race to pollution.
environmental justice
Which of the following philosophies is the most anthropocentric?
conservationism
What ethical perspective would you ascribe to someone who makes environmental choices based on a respect for just the living things in an ecosystem?
biocentrism
Later in his life, pioneering environmental philosopher Aldo Leopold would have most likely agreed with which one of the following statements?
humans are members of the land-community
John Muir, a great American environmentalist, felt that ________.
pristine wilderness should be preserved because "Everybody needs beauty as well as bread
________ gives inherent value to certain living things or to the biotic (living) realm of the earth in general; both human and nonhuman lives have ethical standing.
biocentrism
________ believe that the guidelines for making environmental decisions are context-specific, depending on the cultures, social issues, and other factors framing the decision.
relativist
scientists use a general process known as the _______ to ask and answer questions
scientific method
A ______ is a testable statement that proposes an explanation for a set of observations, leads to predictions
hypothesis
A ______ describes specific results that can be expected if a hypothesis is true
prediction
A _____ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, its supported by a large body of evidence and generates many new hypotheses
theory
A scientific experiment often involves both a treatment and a_________, which are alike except for the variable that the experiment is designed to test
control
a ______ is a factor that is either manipulated or measured in an experiment
variable
A _______ a quantitative relationship between variables.
correlation
A review process is in place to make sure that no ____ has skewed the results.
bias
If a scientist makes an observation and carries out an experiment to explain that observation, he or she is conducting __________.
hypothesis-driven science
A __________ is widely accepted and has been extensively validated by a great amount of research.
theory
If a scientist travels to the rain forest to observe and catalog new species, he or she would be conducting __________.
descriptive science
In a controlled experiment, __________.
the effects of all of the variables are controlled except the one whose effect he or she is testing
blue boxes: drag each statement under the correct step in the scientific method
observation: I've seen.....
hypothesis: The hatching success....
prediction: if frogs are exposed to elevated levels...
test (experiment): in the lab, raise frog eggs..
results: analysis of experiemntal data concludes..
in a controlled experiment, if a researcher wants to examine the effect of radon exposure to rat longevity, which one would be the independent variable?
radon exposure
In scientific research, the strongest form of evidence comes from __________.
experimentation
Pablo and Johanna have to do a yearlong study for their biology course. After some discussion, they decide to try comparing their dogs and the diet that they feed them. Each has a dog from the pound, and both dogs are less than one year old. Pablo feeds h
variables that they didn't control and not enough replicates
Pablo and Johanna have to do a yearlong study for their biology course. After some discussion, they decide to try comparing their dogs and the diet that they feed them to test their hypothesis that the local veterinarian's special dog food mix will enhanc
possible differences resulting from using two different breeds of dog
Pablo and Johanna have to do a yearlong study for their biology course. After some discussion, they decide to try comparing their dogs and the diet that they feed them. Each has a dog from the pound, and both dogs are less than one year old. Pablo feeds h
the type of food the dogs receive
Ruben has a new puppy and wants to feed it the best possible food. He decides on an experiment where he will feed it the very best canned food plus a dietary supplement of vitamins recommended by a veterinarian. Which of the following best describes Ruben
This is not an experiment there are no controls or replicates.
Which of the following best embodies the qualities of a scientific theory?
All gases, liquids, and solids consist of atoms.
Quantitative data ________.
are data that are expressed as numbers and can be tested using statistics
A pharmaceutical company wishes to study a possible new headache medicine. They are doing human trials with 1000 volunteers and need to ________.
randomly assign each person to either the treatment group or control group
A hypothesis is ________.
a testable proposition that explains an observed phenomenon or answers a question
Scientific inquiry is based on ________.
an expanding knowledge based on observation, questioning, testing and discovery
Which of the following terms best describes the practice of environmental science?
Integrative and interdisciplinary
The scientific process and scientific knowledge are based on
a systematic process of learning about and testing our understanding of the world
Nonrenewable natural resources include all of the following EXCEPT:
wind
To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can ________.
calculate your ecological footprint
Which of the following are substances and energy sources taken from our environment that we rely on to survive?
Natural resources
Which of the following can be depleted if overused?
fresh water
Solutions to environmental problems ________.
must be designed with sustainable goals