Which of the following pediatric patients with respiratory distress is MOST likely experiencing bronchiolitis?
A 20-month-old child with low-grade fever and wheezing.
When treating a conscious and alert 5-year-old child who has ingested an unknown substance, you should:
Be prepared to assist ventilations.
Immediate transport for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is critical because:
Insulin can only be given at the hospital.
Tracheal tugging, a sign of respiratory distress, is more prominent in children because the:
Trachea is very narrow and is easily collapsible.
Thoracic barotrauma can occur in an infant or small child when:
The AEMT provides overzealous ventilatory assistance.
Following a severe injury, a 9-month-old infant opens his eyes in response to painful stimuli, moans when you palpate areas of suspected injury, and pulls his hand away when you touch it. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
8
The pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is designed to:
Rapidly identify the general category of a child's physiologic condition.
During the first month of life, a pediatric patient is MOST appropriately referred to as a/an:
Neonate.
Compared to adults, burns in children tend to be more severe because:
Children have less subcutaneous (fatty) tissue.
Which of the following is considered a critical burn in an infant or small child?
Any full-thickness burn.
Which of the following statements regarding the adolescent patient is correct?
They prefer not to be observed by their caregivers during a procedure.
During respiratory distress, infants and children are highly susceptible to hypoxia because their:
Metabolic oxygen demand is doubled, compared to an adult's.
Children vigorously compensate for shock by:
Increasing their heart rate and increasing peripheral vascular resistance.
Both the anterior and posterior fontanelles are usually fused by the age of:
18 months.
Appropriate management for an unresponsive 6-month-old infant with a severe foreign body airway obstruction includes:
Chest compressions.
When caring for a 4-month-old infant, it is MOST important to keep his or her nares clear of mucus because:
Infants may not have the intuition to mouth breathe.
By 2 years of age, a child should be able to:
Name a common object when you point to it.
A 7-year-old child who presents with a high fever, an altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity, should be suspected of having:
Meningitis.
Abnormalities in normal bone growth and development will MOST likely occur in children when:
A fracture occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
A 4-year-old child presents with intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, a heart rate of 160 beats/min, and a fever of 101.5�F. Which of the following clinical signs would indicate that this child's cardiopulmonary status is deteriorating?
Heart rate decreases to 100 beats/min.
Infants and children are highly susceptible to hypothermia because:
They have limited stores of glycogen.
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
Unexpected death of an infant that cannot be explained after an autopsy.
A 5-year-old female presents with an altered mental status. Her mother states that her daughter did not eat lunch and has been playing outside all day. After ensuring a patent airway and administering oxygen, you should:
Obtain a blood glucose reading.
Decompensated shock in a 2-year-old child is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:
A systolic BP of 80 mm Hg.
During early infancy, infants respond mainly to:
Physical stimuli such as hunger.
Which of the following questions is the MOST important to ask the parent or caregiver of a child with an acute asthma attack?
Has your child ever been intubated or in the ICU?
Which of the following statements regarding shock in pediatric patients is correct?
Children can compensate for shock longer than adults but deteriorate more quickly.
After being struck by an automobile, the area of greatest injury in the child depends on the:
Size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.
Which of the following statements regarding blood loss and shock in the pediatric patient is correct?
Children can tolerate a lower proportional blood loss than adults, before developing shock.
Which of the following represents the correct formula for estimating the weight, in kilograms, in a child over 1 year of age?
(Age [in years] x 2) + 8.
A 4-year-old male is found unresponsive by his father. When you arrive at the scene, you perform a primary assessment, which reveals that the child is unresponsive and breathing shallowly. He is also tachycardic and diaphoretic. You obtain a blood glucose
Assisted ventilation and 1 to 2 mL/kg of 50% dextrose IV.
During the postictal period following a generalized seizure, you would expect a child to experience all of the following, EXCEPT:
Hyperactivity.
You are suctioning the airway of a 2-year-old child when your partner advises you that the child's heart rate has dropped from 120 beats/min to 80 beats/min. You should:
Stop suctioning immediately and oxygenate the child.
Components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) include:
Appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.
According to the JumpSTART triage system, an injured child should be assigned a "deceased" category if he or she:
Remains apneic after 5 rescue breaths.
Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than 3 years of age because:
It provides little information about the circulatory status.
After performing the jaw-thrust maneuver on a semiconscious child with a traumatic injury, you should:
Ensure that the airway is clear of obstructions.
At 11:50 p.m., you are dispatched to a residence for a 3-year-old female with respiratory distress. The child's mother tells you that her daughter has had symptoms of a cold for the past few days. Your assessment reveals that the child is tachycardic, has
Croup.
Your MOST immediate action when caring for a child who is experiencing a grand mal seizure should be to:
Secure and protect the airway.
Which of the following factors would be of LEAST pertinence when determining whether or not to immediately transport a sick or injured child?
The age and sex of the child.
When dealing with a suspected case of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in which the infant is obviously dead, it is important for the AEMT to:
Appreciate his or her own feelings regarding the event.
A nonrebreathing mask is ONLY effective if a child has:
Adequate tidal volume.
When assessing a conscious 5-year-old male with suspected epiglottis, you should:
Avoid anything that will agitate the child.
When treating a child with suspected meningitis, it is important to:
Follow standard precautions.
A 4-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother tells you that she saw him put a small toy in his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious and alert, crying, and has good skin color. You should:
Give supplemental oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
During the secondary assessment of a child with vomiting and diarrhea, you should assess his or her:
Level of hydration.
You are transporting a 6-year-old female with respiratory distress when you note that she is developing cyanosis. You should:
Repeat the primary assessment.
You are dispatched to the city park for a 9-year-old female with difficulty breathing. When you arrive at the scene and assess the child, you note that she is anxious, and that she has a generalized rash, facial swelling, and marked respiratory distress.
Administer 100% oxygen, start an IV line, and administer epinephrine 1:10,000.
Appropriate treatment for a clinically stable child with suspected epiglottis includes:
100% oxygen as tolerated, position of comfort, and transport.
You respond to the scene of an "injured child". When you arrive, you find a 4-year-old male lying next to a ladder that is leaning against his house. He is semiconscious, but has no external signs of trauma. As you are maintaining stabilization of his hea
Closed head trauma.
Which of the following statements regarding adolescent patients is correct?
They prefer not to be observed by their caregivers during a procedure.
A nonrebreathing mask is ONLY effective if a child has:
Adequate tidal volume.
During early infancy, infants respond mainly to:
Physical stimuli such as hunger.
When positioning and managing the airway of a small child, it is important to remember that the child's:
Occipital skull is proportionately larger and rounder than an adult's.
When treating a conscious and alert 5-year-old child who has ingested an unknown substance, you should:
Be prepared to assist ventilations.
After being struck by an automobile, the area of greatest injury in the child depends on:
The size of the child and the height of the bumper on impact.
You are triaging children who were injured when the school bus they were riding in collided with another vehicle. The first child you triage is unresponsive and apnea. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should:
Position the upper airway.
Because of the thin-walled thorax in an infant or child:
Breath sounds are easily transmitted to all areas of the chest.
A weak femoral pulse in an 8-month old infant with a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea indicates:
Severe hypotension and decompensated shock.
By 2 years of age, a child should be able to:
Name a common object when you point to it.
If a child does not appear to be critically ill or injured, you should:
Allow the child to sit on a caregiver's lap.
When providing emotional support to the family of an infant who suddenly and unexpectedly died, you should:
Use the infant's first name whenever possible.
Your MOST immediate action when caring for a child who is experiencing a grand mal seizure should be to:
Secure and protect the airway.
The MOST important reason for not separating a sick or injured child from his or her parent or caregiver is because:
Separation anxiety can exacerbate the child's condition.
General treatment for a small child with a fever of 102.5 and no other symptoms includes:
Supportive care and transport.
A 20 kg conscious male presents with acute respiratory distress. Your assessment reveals expiratory wheezing and tachycardia. Appropriate treatment for this child includes:
100% oxygen and 1 to 2 mL of nebulized albuterol.
How much IV crystalloid fluid (per bolus) should you administer to a 4-year-old child with severe dehydration?
320 mL.
Which of the following respiratory diseases is characterized by respiratory distress, high fever and drooling?
Epiglottis.
Compared to over-the-needle catheters, butterfly catheters are associated with a higher rate of vein infiltration in children because the:
The stainless steel needle lies directly in the vein.
You are assessing an 18-month-old female who, according to her mother, tells you that her daughter has been ill recently, but denies vomiting or diarrhea. The child is lethargic and her blood glucose level reads 65 mg/dL. After administering supplemental
Give 2 to 4 mL/kg of 25% dextrose.