Developmental milestone by 3 months
Becoming calm, attentive, and interested in the world
Developmental milestone by 5 months
Falling in love
Developmental milestone by 9 months
Two way communication
Developmental milestone by 14-18 months
Solving problems and forming an organized sense of self
Sixth stage of sensorimotor development
18-24 months, internal representation of the external world
Developmental milestone by 36 - 48 months
Building bridges between ideas
6 States of arousal in infants
1. Waking activity
2. Crying
3. Alert inactivity
4. Drowsiness
5. Regular sleep
6. Irregular sleep
The Gesell Scales
Observed hundreds of infants to see when certain motor abilities emerged
Problem with the Gesell Scales
Very similar group of children, does not take into account other factors like cultural influence
2 Leading causes of death in infants
1. Congenital malformations
2. Low birth weight
2 Leading causes of death in healthy babies
1. Shaken baby syndrome
2. Sudden infant death syndrome
Marasmus
Insufficient quantity of food, muscle is wasted and stored fat is depleted
Kwashiorkor
Sufficient calories available, but food is nutritionally deficient
Weaning
The process of shifting an infant's diet from exclusively breast fed or bottle fed to eating and drinking a wider variety of foods
Sensation
Translation of external stimulation into neural impulses
Perception
Active process of interpreting information from the senses
First stage of sensorimotor development
0-1 month old, the use of reflexes
Second stage of sensorimotor development
1-4 months old, adaptation of early reflexes
Third stage of sensorimotor development
4-8 months old, the beginning of intention
Fourth stage of sensorimotor development
8-12 months old, goal-directed activity
Fifth stage of sensorimotor development
12-18 months, the invention of new behaviors
Sixth stage of sensorimotor development
18-24 months, internal representation of the external world
When do infants begin to coo?
12 weeks
When does to "language explosion" occur?
Around 21 months
Who did the still face
Edward Tronick
Who focused on temperaments of children?
Mary Rothbart
Rothbart's broad dimensions of temperament
1. Effortful control
2. Negative affectivity
3. Extroversion
Who has four stages of attachment?
Bowlby
When does stranger and separation anxiety occur?
Around 7 months
What is the first critical developmental issue that is resolved in the first year of life?
a) Trust vs Mistrust
b) Attachment vs Misalignment
c) Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
d) Oral fixation v Anal fixation
a) Trust vs Mistrust
Emotional signals, usually from a child's parents, that influence the child's behavior:
a) Social adaptation clues
b) Social referencing
c) Synchrony
d) Scaffolding
b) Social referencing
The ability to perform motor skills without consciously thinking about them is:
a) Telepathy
b) Automaticity
c) Self-efficacy
d) Ossification
b) Automaticity
The child's ability to categorize objects into groups begins to emerge at about what age?
a) 1 year
b) 18 months
c) 2 years
d) 3 years
c) 2 years
Why have we seen a decrease in SIDS
a) The cure was found
b) Better nutrition
c) Babies sleep on their back
d) Better monitors
c) Babies sleep on their back