PSY 3220 Final

Deaths from heart disease are much more common today than a century ago because people are:
A. not taking good care of their bodies.
B. under more stress.
C. working harder.
D. living much longer.

D. living much longer.

Each major ethnic minority group in the United States is:
A. composed of people from a variety of countries, with different attitudes and worldviews.
B. becoming more isolated.
C. very similar.
D. growing dramatically as a fraction of the U.S. population.

A. composed of people from a variety of countries, with different attitudes and worldviews.

Data about the population in the United States indicates that in 2040 there will be many more _____.
A. whites
B. Latinos
C. African Americans
D. American Indians

B. Latinos

Which is a bidirectional relationship?
A. Ara is temperamentally unpleasant, so people avoid her.
B. Jorge is temperamentally unpleasant, so everything disturbs him.
C. Sean is temperamentally unpleasant, so he goes into therapy.
D. Kei is temperamentally

A. Ara is temperamentally unpleasant, so people avoid her.

The nation with the LEAST collectivist worldview is:
A. India.
B. China.
C. the United States.
D. Bangladesh.

C. the United States.

A husband and wife go to a psychologist for therapy. If this mental health professional is psychoanalytically oriented, the therapist MOST likely would focus on:
A. understanding the unconscious motivations from childhood that are keeping this couple from

A. understanding the unconscious motivations from childhood that are keeping this couple from relating well.

Which person is NOT a member of the baby-boom cohort?
A. Lynnette who was born during the Great Depression
B. Liang, who retired in 2013 at age 63
C. David, who was born in 1946 after his dad returned from World War II
D. Adrianna, who entered college at

A. Lynnette who was born during the Great Depression

This country has a high median income and high life-expectancy." This statement describes a(n):
A. individualistic society.
B. developing nation.
C. developed nation.
D. primitive society.

C. developed nation.

Which of these people is likely to live the longest?
A. Donald, a farmer in the U.S. Midwest
B. Raquel, who works in a factory in the Honduras
C. Delun, a third-grade teacher, in Canada
D. Abdul, who runs a shop in Morocco

C. Delun, a third-grade teacher, in Canada

Bronfenbrenner believed all of these influences greatly affect children's behavior EXCEPT:
A. family relationships.
B. the school system.
C. climate.
D. culture.

C. climate.

Rosario adopts a child and then meets the child's biological parents. Generalizing from the behavioral genetic findings, Rosario's child is apt to be more like:
A. the biological parents.
B. either Rosario or the child's biological parents, depending on w

A. the biological parents.

Imagine that a couple visits a behavioral therapist for marital treatment. The psychologist MOST likely would:
A. train the couple to increase the reinforcing comments they say to one another.
B. comment on the individuals' early childhood experiences.
C.

A. train the couple to increase the reinforcing comments they say to one another.

Which comment would be made by a behaviorist?
A. "Human behavior is very complicated."
B. "I want to understand people's inner motivations."
C. "I can explain human behavior by looking at the reinforcers."
D. "Each person perceives reality differently.

C. "I can explain human behavior by looking at the reinforcers.

Which is the BEST conclusion about the impact of nature and nurture on development?
A. Adults need to pick environments that bring out children's inborn genetic abilities and talents.
B. Parents totally determine how children's lives turn out.
C. Genetics

A. Adults need to pick environments that bring out children's inborn genetic abilities and talents.

Which statement would an attachment theorist be MOST likely to make?
A. "People need reinforcement for acting appropriately."
B. "Children need severe discipline in order to behave well."
C. "Children need the right environment to express their genetic ta

D. "Humans need unconditional love in the first year of life.

If a traditional behaviorist notices that a nursing home resident's memory has seriously declined, this person MOST likely would say that the resident:
A. is not being reinforced for remembering anything.
B. is being overmedicated.
C. has developed Alzhei

A. is not being reinforced for remembering anything.

The main message of the text's heredity environment discussion is that:
A. people need the right environment to fully express their inborn talents.
B. people's life fate lies totally in their genetic make up.
C. a person can do anything if given the right

A. people need the right environment to fully express their inborn talents.

Yael has coped very well with serious life stresses. A psychoanalytic theorist would say Yael's behavior shows:
A. high self-esteem.
B. high self-efficacy.
C. positive motivation.
D. good ego strength.

D. good ego strength.

Which is the BEST illustration of Piaget's concept of accommodation?
A. Hiro realizes that his liberal beliefs are correct.
B. Jonas realizes that his previous way of classifying minority groups masks huge differences in cultures.
C. Ines realizes that sh

B. Jonas realizes that his previous way of classifying minority groups masks huge differences in cultures.

A behaviorist is giving childrearing advice. Which tip is this person LEAST likely to give?
A. Ignore bad behavior (or don't reinforce it) by paying attention to a child.
B. To encourage a child to persist at an activity, reinforce the child every time he

B. To encourage a child to persist at an activity, reinforce the child every time he performs that action.

If Dr. Im believes in a nurture explanation of development, she might make all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answers:
A. "With effort, people can be anything they want to be in life."
B. "Gender differences in friendship styles are programmed at bir

B. "Gender differences in friendship styles are programmed at birth.

Which is NOT an example of operant conditioning?
A. A child who loves the food that he watches his friends eat.
B. After a car accident, a person refuses to drive.
C. When Tiffany cries, the family gives her attention, so she has learned to cry a lot.
D.

A. A child who loves the food that he watches his friends eat.

Which age group has benefited MOST from the disease-control advances that produced the twentieth-century life-expectancy revolution?
A. elderly people
B. adults in their thirties
C. young children
D. midlife adults

A. elderly people

A psychology professor wants to measure "parent aggressiveness." Which is the BEST strategy?
Answers:
A. Go down the street and ask neighbors, "Does the parent hit the children a lot?"
B. No approach is ideal, because each has its own problems and biases.

B. No approach is ideal, because each has its own problems and biases.

Which is the main difference between an evolutionary psychologist and a behavioral geneticist?
Answers:
A. Evolutionary psychologists focus on nature; behavioral geneticists believe mainly in nurture.
B. Evolutionary psychologists speculate about the gene

B. Evolutionary psychologists speculate about the genetic basis of traits that are common to all human beings; behavioral geneticists conduct research on the genetics of human differences.

Which person is NOT a baby boomer?
Answers:
A. Callista, who is 65
B. Cesar, who was in college during the late 1960s
C. Corrine, who is about to retire
D. Cami, who is 40

D. Cami, who is 40

Dr. Hardy is studying the correlation between physical exercise and health in old age. Which is the MOST likely representative sample?
Answers:
A. elderly people who just had hip replacements
B. people over age 65 who work out regularly
C. elderly maratho

D. a random group of elderly people

Dr. Schatzman is a fan of attachment theory. Which statement is he LEAST likely to make?
Answers:
A. "It's unhealthy to get too attached to people."
B. "The attachment response is biologically programmed to come out when babies start to walk."
C. "The way

A. "It's unhealthy to get too attached to people.

______ look at the genetic tendencies that humans share as a species.
Answers:
A. Traditional behaviorists
B. Behavioral genetic researcher
C. Behavioral geneticists
D. Evolutionary psychologists

D. Evolutionary psychologists

When Freud said, "Where id there was, ego there will be," he was referring to the goal of psychoanalytic treatment. When Freud used the term "libido," he was referring to:
Answers:
A. a transfer of unconscious impulses.
B. the goal of psychoanalytic treat

C. sexual impulses driving behavior.

Face perception studies suggest that from birth, humans are "prewired" to look at:
Answers:
A. striped patterns.
B. human beings.
C. colors.
D. black and white images.

B. human beings.

If Sari has just begun to combine words, Sari is MOST likely:
Answers:
A. around age 3.
B. between 1 1/2 and 2 years old.
C. 12 months old.
D. around 3 1/2 years old.

B. between 1 1/2 and 2 years old

Based on the brain development research, what is the BEST advice to give parents about toilet training?
Answers:
A. Never toilet train, because at the right age a child will automatically know what to do.
B. As every child is different, it is not possible

C. Actively toilet train a child, but only when the relevant parts of the brain come on-line.

A baby sees a new image on a screen and looks up to see what's going on. The name for this process is _____.
Answers:
A. joint attention response
B. preferential looking
C. visual cliff response
D. circular reaction

B. preferential looking

Babies who share a parents' bed are:
Answers:
A. less independent.
B. co-sleeping.
C. more mature.
D. spoiled rotten.

B. co-sleeping.

To understand what babies know and understand about the world before they can physically respond, researchers rely on _____.
Answers:
A. pin pricks
B. neuroimaging techniques
C. asking parents questions
D. preferential looking techniques

D. preferential looking techniques

As babies get older, they lose the:
Answers:
A. ability to hear sound tones in very different languages.
B. sensitivity to hearing very high-pitched tones.
C. sensitivity to hearing similar sound tones.
D. ability to distinguish between monkey and human s

A. ability to hear sound tones in very different languages.

The function of the myelin sheath is to:
Answers:
A. get rid of the neurons a person doesn't need.
B. allow the skull bones to close.
C. provide a barrier between the brain and the body.
D. help neural impulses flow quickly.

D. help neural impulses flow quickly.

Based on the principle of neural plasticity, at what age is it "best" to suffer from a brain impairing accident or stroke in order to have the best chance of recovering fully?
Answers:
A. during adolescence
B. in a person's twenties
C. during infancy
D. a

C. during infancy

Tao puts an object under a cover and her baby delightedly finds it a few times. Then she puts it under another cover and her baby looks in the first hiding place. This is:
Answers:
A. a sign of a psychological problem.
B. normal when babies are under 3 mo

D. normal as babies approach age 1; it's called the A-not-B error.

To BEST soothe a newborn, which technique does the text advocate?
Answers:
A. letting the baby cry as much as he or she needs to
B. kangaroo care
C. putting the baby on a defined schedule
D. swaddling

B. kangaroo care

Infant-directed speech (IDS) has:
Answers:
A. long words.
B. sharpened consonants.
C. elongated vowels.
D. low pitch.

C. elongated vowels.

Based on her understanding of brain plasticity, what should Bei say to frantic parents whose baby has suffered an injury to the language centers of the brain?
A. "Your baby may eventually develop language, but will never catch up to other kids."
B. "If yo

B. "If you provide intense verbal stimulation, language abilities can develop normally.

A 10-month-old baby who looks for a hidden object in the first place he found it, rather than in the last place he saw it, is showing:
Answers:
A. primary thinking.
B. pathological cognition.
C. the A-not-B error.
D. faulty vision.

C. the A-not-B error.

Which phrases BEST characterize (1) co-sleeping and (2) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
Answers:
A. (1) rare; (2) fairly common
B. (1) fairly common; (2) rare
C. (1) fairly common; (2) fairly common
D. (1) rare; (2) rare

C. (1) fairly common; (2) fairly common

At age one, humans have more synapses in the visual cortex but far fewer synapses in the _____ than they will at age 10.
Answers:
A. frontal lobes
B. temporal lobe
C. visual cortex
D. auditory cortex

A. frontal lobes

Dr. Kalu's patient wants tips about how to quiet her 2-month-old baby. What advice should Dr. Kalu give the patient?
Answers:
A. "Carry your baby close to your body in a baby sling."
B. "Distract your baby with a rattle.
C. "Wrap your baby in a blanket.

A. "Carry your baby close to your body in a baby sling.