Which group is best served by the development of a rigorous base of evidence for nursing practice?
- Health care policymakers
- Nurses' clients
- Practicing nurses
- Nursing administrators
Nurses' clients
Which is an example of a clinical nursing research question?
- What factors contribute to clients' risk of falling during a hospitalization?
- In what ways do nursing students benefit from a course on evidence-based practice?
- What course of action do nu
What factors contribute to clients' risk of falling during a hospitalization?
Which is a primary source for answering clinical questions for evidence- based nursing?
- Intuition
- Disciplined research
- Input from an authority
- Nurses' clinical experience
Disciplined research
In the United States, which is a major source of funding for nursing research?
- NINR
- Sigma Theta Tau
- Journal clubs
- Magnet Recognition Program
NINR
What is a paradigm?
- A set of procedures for studying the world
- A worldview, a general perspective
- An assumption about the nature of the world
- An antecedent cause of reality
A worldview, a general perspective
Which is a fundamental assumption of the positivist paradigm?
- Reality is "out there" to be objectively studied, known, and understood.
- Phenomena do not necessarily have an antecedent cause.
- Reality is not orderly, but it is haphazard.
- Reality is n
Reality is "out there" to be objectively studied, known, and understood.
Which is a fundamental assumption in the constructivist paradigm?
- Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans.
- The nature of reality has changed over time.
- A fixed reality exists in nature for humans to understand.
- Phenomena
Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans.
Which is a descriptive question that a qualitative researcher might ask?
- What is the nature of grief among parents of a dying child?
- How often do parents of a dying child express grief to others?
- Over how long a period do parents grieve for a dying
What is the nature of grief among parents of a dying child
Which research question is an example of a descriptive question for a quantitative study?
- What is the experience of loneliness like among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease?
- What is it like to experience sudden confusion?
- What is the pr
Does postpartum depression predict toddlers' temperaments?
Which research questions would be considered cause-probing?
- Are students who use e-cigarettes at higher risk of respiratory infections than students who do not?
- What is the process by which students initiate using e-cigarettes?
-What are the character
Are students who use e-cigarettes at higher risk of respiratory infections than students who do not?
Research utilization is a process that begins with which event?
- A clinical problem that needs to be solved
- A finding from existing research
- A well-worded clinical question
- A problem-focused trigger
A finding from existing research
What is the purpose of an evidence hierarchy?
- To rank order evidence according to the strength of evidence provided
- To provide an incentive structure for those undertaking research
- To promote the creation of systematic reviews
- To guide researchers
To rank order evidence according to the strength of evidence provided
Several resources support evidence-based practice, including metasyntheses. What is a metasynthesis?
- A systematic integration and interpretation of qualitative research findings
- A systematic review that integrates quantitative findings statistically
-
A systematic integration and interpretation of qualitative research findings
Which statement best describes clinical practice guidelines?
- They provide general recommendations for evidence-based decision making.
- They are universally useful, regardless of context or country of adoption.
- They offer a set of recommendations for
They offer a set of recommendations for a specific area of practice, based on a distillation of available evidence.
In the following clinical question, what is the Outcome (O component)? "What is the effect of relaxation therapy versus biofeedback on the functional ability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?"
- Functional ability
- Relaxation therapy
- Rheumatoid ar
Functional ability
In the following clinical question, what is the Intervention/influence/exposure (I component)? "Does taking antidepressants affect the risk of suicide in cognitively impaired adolescents?"
- Adolescence
- Cognitive impairment
- Suicide
- Antidepressant us
Antidepressant use
In the following clinical question, what is the Population (P component)? "Do stress and depression affect dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?"
- Patients with COPD
- Patients who are stressed
- Patients who are depresse
Patients with COPD
In the following clinical question, what is the Comparison (C component)? "Does chronic stress affect inflammatory responses in older men with atherosclerotic disease?"
- Atherosclerotic disease
- No "C" component is stated.
- Chronic stress
- Inflammator
No "C" component is stated.
Which activity is part of an organizational- but not an individual - EBP endeavor?
- Searching for evidence
- Appraising evidence
- Asking a good question/identifying a problem
- Assessing implementation potential
Assessing implementation potential
The Iowa Model identifies several knowledge-focused triggers for implementing an EBP project. Which source would be considered a knowledge-focused trigger?
- Increases in the readmission rate of heart failure patients
- Increase in medication errors
- A r
A report in the New England Journal of Medicine regarding the transmission of the Zika virus
After a product for an institutional EBP project has been developed (e.g., a formal guideline or protocol for an innovation), what is typically the next step?
- Undertaking a pilot test
- Evaluating implementation potential
- Making a decision about wheth
Undertaking a pilot test
Which term would likely be used only by quantitative researchers, as opposed to qualitative researchers, to refer to people who participate in a study?
- Informants
- Study participants
- Subjects
- Key informants
Subjects
Which term is used by both quantitative and qualitative researchers to refer to the abstractions under study?
- Variable
- Concept
- Theory
- Construct
Concept
In terms of the PICO framework for asking well-worded questions in an evidence search, a dependent variable in a study corresponds to which component?
- O
- C
- I
- P
O
Which is a question about a causal relationship?
- Do men exercise more than women?
- Does rigorous daily exercise reduce the risk of obesity?
- What amount of exercise is optimal for adolescents?
- Do people who exercise have better nutritional habits?
Does rigorous daily exercise reduce the risk of obesity?
What are the two broad classes of quantitative research?
- Empirical and nonempirical research
- Experimental and nonexperimental research
- Grounded theory and phenomenological research
- Cause-probing and predictive research
Experimental and nonexperimental research
Which qualitative research tradition focuses on understanding phenomena within a cultural context?
- Phenomenology
- Experimental
- Ethnography
- Grounded theory
Ethnography
Which decision is made in connection with the research design for a quantitative study?
- What framework to use
- How frequently data will be collected
- How many hypotheses will be tested
- Whether clinical fieldwork is needed
How frequently data will be collected
Which statement about undertaking literature reviews is true?
- Only qualitative researchers undertake a thorough upfront literature review.
- All researchers acknowledge the importance of doing a thorough upfront literature review.
- Only quantitative re
Some qualitative researchers postpone doing a thorough literature review until after they have collected their data.
In qualitative research, what does saturation indicate?
- There are too many study participants.
- Themes and categories in the data are becoming redundant.
- The quality of the data is excellent.
- Too many variables are included in a study.
Themes and categories in the data are becoming redundant.
What is a final step in both quantitative and qualitative research?
- Undertaking a literature review
- Disseminating research results
- Addressing ethical issues
- Assessing the trustworthiness of the data
Disseminating research results
In a quantitative research article, a review of prior research on the problem under study is most likely to be found in which section?
- Discussion
- Results section
- Method section
- Introduction
Introduction
What is the meaning of the statement, "This finding was statistically significant"?
- A significant number of people participated in the study.
- The finding is probably true and replicable in a new sample.
- A significant theme was identified.
- The find
The finding is probably true and replicable in a new sample.
What does significance at the .05 level mean?
- That there is a 95% probability that the finding is reliable, not spurious
- That the value of the calculated statistic is .05
- That 95% of the study participants had a good outcome - That the finding appli
That there is a 95% probability that the finding is reliable, not spurious
Which is a criterion of scientific rigor used by quantitative researchers that concerns the soundness of the evidence obtained in a study?
- Credibility
- Validity
- Reliability
- Generalizability
Validity
Which is a criterion of scientific rigor used by quantitative researchers that concerns the accuracy and consistency of information obtained in a study?
- Transferability
- Reliability
- Trustworthiness
- Credibility
Reliability
Which is an aspect of trustworthiness used in evaluating the strength of evidence in a qualitative study?
- Credibility
- Triangulation
- Reflexivity
- Reliability
Credibility
A researcher collects data about a phenomenon by observing people in a naturalistic setting and also by interviewing people in that setting. What strategy did the researcher use?
- Credibility
- Triangulation
- Reliability
- Validity
Triangulation
If all people in a population have an equal chance of being selected as study participants, which selection method is being used?
- Biased
- Controlled
- Blind
- Random
Random
What is the term for the strategy of withholding information from participants, interventionists, or other research staff, to enhance objectivity?
- Randomizing
- Triangulation
- Generalizing
- Blinding
Blinding
What mechanism do qualitative researchers use to think critically about themselves and to scrutinize personal values that could affect their interpretations?
- Reflexivity
- Randomness
- Research control
- Triangulation
Reflexivity
Quantitative researchers seek to ensure that their findings can be applied to other groups and settings. What is this called?
- Transferability
- Research control
- Reflexivity
- Generalizability
Generalizability
What is the most important type of information to include in a literature review?
- Clinical anecdotes
- Opinions from experts
- Findings from prior studies
- Case reports from relevant clinical settings
Findings from prior studies
What is the first step in conducting a literature review?
- Specifying the keywords to use in the search
- Selecting the bibliographic database to use
- Identifying the question to be addressed
- Encoding information from sources
Identifying the question to be addressed
When doing a computerized search for quantitative studies on a research question, which statement is most accurate?
- The primary keywords to start the search typically would be the independent and dependent variables.
- Subject searches and textword sear
The primary keywords to start the search typically would be the independent and dependent variables.
Which does the MEDLINE database use to provide consistency in information retrieval?
- Boolean operators
- Scopus reviews
- MeSH
- Textwords
MeSH
Which is true about Google Scholar (GS)?
- GS includes a "Cited by" search feature that can be used for a descendancy search.
- GS is accessed by paying an annual subscription fee.
- GS is unlike other bibliographic databases in that Boolean operators can
GS includes a "Cited by" search feature that can be used for a descendancy search.
The researcher has identified 66 potential references for a literature review through electronic database searches and a descendancy search. What would most likely be the next step?
- Coding the characteristics of each study
- Reading each article in deta
Reviewing the abstracts
Which sentence is appropriately worded for a research review?
- Five recent studies have proved that men are less well able to cope with the loss of a spouse than women.
- The HIV-epidemic has been the cause of considerable anxiety in the gay community.
-
Research has consistently found that infant's sleeping position is related to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
In terms of the PICO framework for asking well-worded questions in an evidence search, an independent variable in a study corresponds to which combination of components?
- P and I
- P and O
- I and C
- C and O
I and C