Confidential Adoption
Adoption in which birth parents do not know the names of the adoptive parents.
Open Adoption
Adoption in which the birth parents and adoptive parents know something about each other.
Developmental Milestones
Key skill used to check a child's progress with a certain skill such as walking.
Fine Motor Skills
Involves the smaller muscles of the body such as those in the fingers.
Gross Motor Skills
Skill that involves the large muscles of the body such as those of the legs and shoulders.
How to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
-Put babies to sleep on their backs.
-Avoid smoking during pregnancy and after the baby is born.
-Avoid exposing the baby to smoke from others.
Failure to Thrive
Condition in which babies do not grow and develop properly and it can be caused by neglect, abuse, or stress.
Object Permanence
Concept that objects will continue to exist, even when they are out of sight, which occurs at about 10 months of age.
Developmentally Appropriate
Toys, activities, and tasks that are suitable for a child at a specific age.
Cooperative Play
Children play and interact with one another.
Solitary Play
When child is alone and focuses on their activity.
Parallel Play
When children play near but not with other children.
Onlooker Play
Child watches others at play but does not engage in it.
Associative Play
Children are playing the same game but they are not working together or connecting with each other.
Autonomy
Independence.
Piaget's 4 Period of Learning
-Sensorimotor (Birth-2 years): Children learn through their senses and own actions.
-Preoperational (2-7 years): Children think in terms of their own activities and what they perceive at the moment.
-Concrete Operations (7-11 years): Children can think lo
Conception
Process of the sperm fertilizing the ovum.
Stages of Prenatal Development
-Germinal: First stage in baby's development; formation of zygote (fertilized egg).
-Embryonic: Second stage of pregnancy; embryo is what the baby is called from 3rd to 8th week of pregnancy.
-Fetal: Third and final stage of developmental stage; developin
Placenta
Tissue that connects the developing baby to the uterus; rich in blood vessels that allow food and oxygen to flow to the baby.
Umbilical
Long tube that connects the baby to the placenta; takes carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the baby.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
An incurable condition found in some children of mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy.
Gestational Diabetes
Form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.
Warning Signs During Pregnancy
Vaginal bleeding, Unusual weight gain or loss, excessive thirst, diminished need to urinate or pain during urination, severe abdominal pain, persistant headaches, severe vomiting, fever, increased vaginal mucus, swelling of the face, hands, or ankles, blu
How to Prevent Spina Bifida
Pregnant women should take a folic acid supplement.
Breastmilk
Best source of nutrition for baby.
Formula
Mixture of milk or milk substitute, water, and essential nutrients.
Obstetrician
Doctor who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth.
Midwife
Healthcare professional trained to assist women in childbirth.
Labor
Process in which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus and into the vagina to be born.
False Labor
Strong contractions that are not regular or rhythmic, that do not get stronger, and they end with light exercise.
Vernix
Thick, white, pasty substance made up of the fetus's old skin cells and the secretions of skin glands; protects against exposure to amniotic fluid.
Lanugo
Fine, downy hair growing on newborns' foreheads, backs, and shoulders.
Last thing to develop in the womb
Lungs.
Natural ways a baby is able to move through the birthing canal.
The cervix dilates and thins, head moves out of uterus into the birth canal, head and shoulders pass through canal, placenta exits the body.
Colostrum
A high calorie, high protein early breast milk.
Postpartum Depression
Condition in which new mothers feel very sad, cry a lot, have little energy, feel overly anxious about the baby, or have little interest in the baby, and in extreme cases, thinks of harming the baby.
Natural Sucking Reflex
Stimulated when something is put in baby's mouth; allows a newborn to feed.
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Condition that occurs when someone severly shakes a baby, usually in an effort to make them stop crying.
Prenatal Development
Baby's development during pregnancy; grouped into three stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal.
Reproductive Cells
Ovaries and testes.
3 Stages of Labor
1) Contractions open the cervix.
2) The baby is born.
3) The placenta is expelled.
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Prenatal test that uses a sample of the tissue from the membrane that encases the fetus to check for specific birth defects.
Amniocentesis
The process of withdrawing a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the newborn baby.
Negative Reinforcement
Response aimed at strengthening desired behavior by removing an unpleasant trigger.
Jaundice
A condition that causes the baby's skin and eyes to look slightly yellow.
Apgar Scale
A system of rating the physical condition of a newborn baby.
Parenting Styles
The way parents and other caregivers care for and discipline children.
-Authoritarian: Believes children should obey their parents without question.
-Assetive-Democratic: Children have more input into the rules and limits of the home.
-Permissive: Parents
FMLA
Federal Medical Leave Act; 6 weeks maternity leave.
Spock
Parents know child best.
Freud
Childhood has profoud effect on adulthood.
Gardner
Children learn best in a certain style.
Maslow
Heirarchy of needs: basic needs, safety, love, self esteem, self actualization.
Skinner
Positive and negative reinforcement.
Bandura
Children learn by imitating others.
Baumrind
Three parenting styles: Permissive, Authoritarian, and Authoritative.
Gesell
Heredity more important.
Brofrenbrenner
Environment more important, relationship between parent and caregiver.
Vygotsky
Social, children learn best when playing.
Erickson
Crisis, children learn because of something bad happening.
Montessori
Children learn best in centers on their own.