FACS 475 Final Exam Study Guide

definition of mental disorder

characterized by thoughts and behaviors that cause individuals to experience extreme problems functioning in significant areas of their lives
-not short term, but also not necessarily permanent
-mental problems must endure for a certain minimum period of

psychotic disorders

result in bizarre, paranoid, or delusional thinking; most common one is schizophrenia

definition of paranoid

believe that others are working against them, conspiratorial plot - can feel threatened enough to strike out at others

definition of mania

feeling grandiose and on top of the world - can also breed violence when the manic individual is crossed

mood disorders

primarily affect a person's emotional stability; most common are depression and bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depression)

bipolar disorder

-also called manic-depressive illness
-serious disorder of the brain
-more than 2.3 million American adults, or about 1 percent of the population have bipolar disorder

anxiety disorders

characterized by extreme nervousness, panic, or phobias

personality disorders

disturbances in thinking and behavior that are a part of a person's basic character, or way of understanding and acting in the world

facts about mental disorders

-most often become apparent in relationships
-misdiagnosis and improper treatments are common
-don't jump to conclusions or place labels on people
-for many- it is just a brief crisis due to extreme circumstances
-many are able to live normal lives with r

dictionary definition of depression

a mental condition of gloom or sadness, dejection

definitions of depression

-a vague, all inclusive umbrella of systematic self-accusation, general overall feeling of anxiety and condemnation which cannot be pinpointed - these are generally signs of psuedo-guilt or just plain depression that has come from emotional sources
-ingro

types of depression

-clinical/major
-dysthymic
-bipolar
-seasonal affective
-postpartum

physical causes of depression

-biological or genetic factors
-hormonal depression
-chemical depression
-infertility, abortion, hysterectomy, miscarriage, menopause, and breast cancer
-life stress and trauma
-medications
-rainy and dreary days and winter depression
-mistreating the bod

mental causes of depression

-interpersonal relationships
-feeling like we are never able to measure up to someone else's expectations or trying to be like everybody else
-when a person feels loss, sorrow, or disappointment
-changes in the stages of your life
-stress - reactive depre

spiritual causes of depression

-sin and guilt
-by not measuring up to what we believe God expects from us
-when a person has just seen God perform a great spiritual victory in their life

symptoms of depression

-decreased energy
-sleep disturbance (too much or too little)
-fluctuating body weight (gaining or losing weight)
-depleted concentration, mental confusion, and forgetfulness
-irritability
-inability to control anger
-bouts of crying
-hopelessness/despair

who is most prone to depression

-those with close relatives who have had depression
-those who have had depression before
-those with low self-esteem or self-loathing
-those with chronic medical disorders, including thyroid disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure
-those who take cert

watch physical health

-exercise
-watch diet - less sugar
-take prescribed medication

watch mental health

-don't be by yourself
-begin clear thinking
-get support system - accountability

watch spiritual health

-continue praying, reading Bible
-don't trust your feelings - change your mindset

definition of mass violence

a variety of events that includes shootings, acts of terrorism, and other events that result in multiple fatalities and or injuries

the context of mass violence

-have a variety of social, psychological, physical, and economic consequences
-mass violence has a more severe impact on individuals and families than other forms of disasters
-the impact of mass violence can result in a range of severity from mild distre

exposure to traumatic events increases rates of

-acute stress disorder
-posttraumatic stress disorder
-major depression
-panic disorder
-generalized anxiety disorder
-substance abuse disorders

likelihood of maladaptive outcomes influenced by

-directness of exposure
-proximity to the trauma or threat
-duration of exposure
-premorbid functioning
-prior trauma exposure
-genetic predispositions
-familial coping is impacted

family resilience framework: a strength based perspective

-family belief system
-organizational patterns
-communication/problem solving
-belief systems - we can manage this loss

familial resilience to mass trauma

-organizational patterns: flexible roles to deal with new challenges
-communication processes: clear, consistent messages with emotional support
-parental response to children's trauma is an important predictor of child adjustment
-positive outlook, sprir

trauma sends four messages to children

-your world is no longer safe
-your world is no longer kind
-your world is no longer predictable
-your world is no longer trustworthy

how to help children after trauma

-before you deal with them, you need to be in control of yourself
-be calm
-let children know they are safe
-as a parent- spend time together
-allow them to talk about their feelings
-go back to everyday routines at home and at school
-look for signs of u

changes in young children after trauma

-thumb sucking
-bed wetting
-clinging to parents or teachers
-being afraid of the dark

changes in school age children after trauma

-getting easily upset or angry
-clinging to parents or teachers
-nightmares
-not paying attention
-not wanting to go to school or play with friends
-fearful shyness and withdrawal
-hypersensitivity

changes in teens after trauma

-changing in sleeping and eating
-new problms in school
-arguing with friends or family
-complaining of feeling sick

6 T's for helping children through trauma

-togetherness
-touch and tenderness
-talk
-truth
-triggers
-time

3 categories of older individuals

-young old 64-74
-middle old 75-84
-oldest old 85 and above (fastest growing segment)

stressful events in later life

-retirement/inability to retire
-financial strain in retirement
-involuntary retirement
-relationship issues in retirement

definition of caregiver

anyone who provides assistance to someone physically or psychologically impaired and therefore dependent on others

informal caregiving

provided by family members, unpaid volunteers or friends

formal caregiving

provided by paid care-workers
-instrumental support
-emotional support

care management

-19% of the adult population is providing care to an adult over 50 who is in poor health
-caregiving responsibilities frequently fall to women
-caregiving can bring increased cohesion
-caregiver burden
-ambiguous loss
-caregiver burnout- emotional exhaust

types of caregiving relationships

-adults caring for others relatives - grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles
-spouses caring for elderly husbands or wives
-middle-aged parents caring for severely disabled adult children
-adults caring for friends and neighbors
-children caring for a disa

talking to family about end of life issues

-set up time for entire family to get together and discuss
-may need to talk individually or in small groups
-consider making a video or audio tape to share your feelings and wishes
-write a personal letter addresed to your family and friends
-put a copy

compassion fatigue

a comprehensive exhaustion that takes place over time when one is constantly in the giving position and as a result, loses his/her ability to care for one's self

how to take care of yourself

-watch for the signs of caregiver stress
-feeling tired most of the time
-feeling overwhelmed and irritable
-sleeping too much or too little
-gaining or losing too much weight
-losing interest in activities you used to enjoy
-accept help
-don't give in to

dementia

decline in emotional control, change in social behavior and damage to higher cortical functions such as aphasia (language impairment), agnosia (loss of recognition), apraxia (loss of speech). The person has more than normal memory loss in which both short

alzheimer's

-best known type of dementia is characterized by a progressive decline in mental functioning classified in stages as mild, moderate, or severe
-currently 5.4 million Americans have Alzheimer's
-it is the 6th leading cause of death in the U.S.
-only cause

questions to ask and answer in a living will

-what are the basic functions you believe you must have in order to feel that you would want to continue to live
-do you have any spiritual or religious beliefs that affect your attitudes about terminal illness, treatment decisions or death and dying
-are

elder abuse definition

a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person

elder abuse falls into following categories

-physical
-emotional
-sexual
-neglect
-abandonment
-exploitation

palliative care

medical specialty focused on improving overall quality of life for patients and families facing a life-threatening illness

hospice

the narrow focus of palliative care that converges on patients who are terminally ill and no longer pursing curative treatments, at this point life expectancy is less than 6 months

stages of abuse

-bruises, pressure marks, broken bones
-unexplained withdrawal
-unusual depression
-bruises around breasts or genital area
-sudden changes in financial situation
-unattended medical needs
-poor hygiene

ways elderly are bilked

-charity fraud
-phishing
-foreign money offers
-sweepstakes
-paying for remodeling jobs upfront

family support

-aid- tangible types of assistance
-affect- emotional support
-affirmation- value, worth, importance

average life expectancies

78.2 years overall
-75.6 years for men
-80.9 years for women

highest and lowest life expectancies

-Japan has the highest life expectancy - 82.7 years
-Mozambique has the lowest life expectancy - 39.2 years

definitions and thoughts on grief

-natural response to loss of any significant object, person, circumstance or ideal
-it is not always about death- secondary loss
-intense emotional suffering caused by a loss; a complex set of emotions
-it is painful
-it is work
-it is a lingering process

the overall purpose of grief is

to bring you the point of making necessary changes so you can live with the loss in a healthy way

stages of grief - Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

-Denial or shock
-Anger
-Bargaining
-Depression
-Acceptance

10 stages of healthy grief - Norman Wright

-shock
-emotional release
-depression, loneliness, sense of isolation
-physical symptoms and distress
-panic
-guilt
-hostility
-return to normal activities
-overcoming grief
-readjusting to reality

the goal of grieving

is not to get things back to normal. the goal is to find and accept a new normal

family systems theory - focus of grief

-includes intergnerational and family life cycle perspectives
-family grieves as a system
-actions and reactions of one affects all and causation is circular
-death disrupts a system's equilibrium, shifts, the structure, requires reorganization of feedbac

factors relating to the intensity of grief

-characteristic of loss
-timely vs untimely or tragic death
-perception of whether loss could have been prevented
-whether loss was natural or human caused
-degree of intentionality
-amount of suffering, anxiety, physical pain experienced while person was

definition of suicide

tragic and lethal culmination of psychological process that results from unresolved events that create depression and hopelessness

reasons for attempting suicide

-to escape from loneliness, hopelessness, parental problems, depression, academic or work difficulties, financial pressures, or conflicts with other people
-to punish survivors who are likely to feel hurt and guilty
-to gain attention
-to manipulate other

signs to be aware of

-talk of suicide
-evidence of a plan or action for killing oneself
-feelings of hopelessness and or meaninglessness
-indications of guilt feelings and worthlessness
-recent stresses (job loss, divorce, death in the family)
-inability to cope with stress
-

how to help

-watch for signs
-if there has been an attempt, call police and paramedics immediately. don't try to take care of it yourself - if it is a family member, don't allow your pride to take over
-get them help
-get them into counseling - may be in a hospital

deaths following long illness are stressful because

-prior multiple stressors are likely
-time commitment throughout the dying process
-financial strain
-emotional exhaustion
-interruption of career and family
-lack of time for self

disenfranchised grief

unacknowledged by society, not right, need or capacity to grieve
-stigmatized loss
-death of a companion animal
-death of an extramarital affair
-elective abortion
-suicide or homicide

factors affecting family vulnerability

-secondary losses and other stressors - that come with the death
-centrality of deceased's role in family and degree of family's emotional dependence on that individual
-attachment of deceased to family, or presence of conflict, ambivalence, estrangement

family belief system, definition, and appraisal

-coping strategies used to perceive death or make meaning from death
-legacy of dealing with previous deaths in family system
-grief can be viewed as a way to construct meaning revolving around the life of the bereaved
-ambiguity can complicate process
-m

factors of diversity

-couples experience grief differently (socially constructed responses); cognitive and solitary; social and emotional
-women's grief; more sorrow, guilt and depression; take on caregiving roles; widowers experience greater depression and health consequence

cultural differences surrounding death

-rituals attached to death (funeral, emotional displays of grief)
-need to see dying relative
-openness of emotion
-emphasis on verbal expressions of feelings
-anniversary events
-gender differences
-role of extended family
-coping strategies
-definition

symptoms people have after suffering personal loss

-feels physically drained
-can't sleep at night
-forgetful and unable to think clearly
-feelings of going crazy
-feel like running away
-noticeable change in appetite
-physical distress such as chest pains, headaches, and nausea
-stays extremely busy to a

what the grieving person needs

-time to heal
-rest
-okay to cry
-accept the reality and finality of the physical death
-become aware of and express all the feelings about the loss or toward the deceased
-break emotional ties with the deceased means don't act like they are still physica

what do tears do

not only do our tears help to release tension, they actually carry away chemicals that build up in our bodies during times of emotional stress. in a way our tears wash our wounds.

why are we afraid to express our grief

-afraid we'll lose control
-afraid of looking foolish in front of others
-taught to tough it out
-taught that we laugh in public and cry in private
-if grief is buried, it will live quietly inside us until something in life triggers it later on

two aspects of children's grief

-when children grieve
-when children die

children's grief

-grief corresponds to a child's cognitive development
-memories may seem fragmented to adults
-fear losing other loved ones
-may express it in a different way as they develop
-may regress to earlier stages of development

specific losses

-death of a child is most difficult
-sibling death research more recent
-death of a parent
-death of a spouse
-death in the military

when children grieve

-should children go to the funeral and viewing; depends on age of the child
-reasons they are excluded: they're so young, it will confuse them, they won't understand, it will frighten them

what to do for children

-need to have someone explain what is happening
-should be encouraged not forced to participate
-if they want to participate, tell them ahead of time what to expect (what will happen, where service will take place, when they will move from one place to an

what should we teach children about death and grief

-tears are a natural, normal way to express grief
-we don't need to be ashamed of our tears; they are our friends because they help us get rid of bad and sad feelings
-talking about the decreased is a good way to help us feel and eventually let go of our

need to tell children the truth

-don't make statements that make the child think God caused the death
-don't tell them the person is sleeping; they will be afraid to go to sleep
-don't tell them that the person went away. they will be afraid to visit their friends for fear that thtey ca

how to help children grieve

-encourage them to talk about the deceased
-encourage them to cry when they need to
-cry with them when you need to
-teach them how to deal with rather than repress their anger
-encourage them to express their thoughts, fears and feelings creatively
-allo

questions children don't ask but are thinking

-did i cause it
-if i get sick will i die
-will you die and leave me too
-if i talk about it will it make you sad
-if i'm naughty will you die

SIDS

sudden infant death syndrome, this death is not completely understood- many times it happens to a child who is healthy

what are the issues that can cause stress and depression

-unresolved issues
-family disagreements (alcohol)
-trying to please everyone
-traditions can cause problems
-finances
-being single
-absent family members

the first holiday without a loved one

-don't avoid them
-don;t pressure them to stop grieving
-don't hide your feelings
-don't say it was for the best

what to do during the holidays

-be a good listener
-be available
-be patient
-be understanding
-keep in touch

hope to cope during the holidays

-acknowledge your feelings
-reach out to others
-be realistic
-don't be a perfectionist
-stick to a budget
-plan ahead
-learn to say no
-don't abandon healthy habits
-make time to rest and rejuvenate yourself
-seek professional help if you need it

michaeal jordan quote

the minute you get away from the basic fundamentals the bottom will fall out of what you are doing

2 Corinthians 1:4

he comforts us in all our affliction, so that we may be able to comfort those who are in any kind of affliction through the comfort we ourselves receive from God

Philippians 4:6-7

Don't worry about anything but in everything through prayer and petition with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. and the peace of God which surpasses every thought will guard your hears and minds in Christ Jesus

basic and foundational truths

-a committed personal and intimate relationship with Jesus Christ
-the blood of Christ has cleansed me from all my sin
-I am accepted as God's child and i am complete in Jesus Christ
-God loves me and wants the best for me
-God is good and I can trust him

2 Peter 1:3

God has given us everything we need for life and godliness through our knowledge of Him who called us by his own glory and goodness

Revelation 4:11

my purpose in life is to bring honor and glory to the Lord through the way i live my life