Tobacco use
Is the number one cause of preventable disease and is associated with the leading causes of various chronic conditions as well as death
10 worst diseases smoking causes
Lung cancer; COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease); heart disease; stroke; asthma; reproductive effects in women; premature, low-birth weight babies; diabetes; blindness, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration; over 10 other types of cancer
Lung Cancer
More people die from lung cancers than any other; cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer, responsible for 87% of lung cancer death; being alive 5 years after being diagnosed is less than 1 in 5
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD
Makes it hard to breath and usually gets worse; 80% of COPD caused by cigarette smoking; third leading cause of death in U.S.
Heart Disease
Number 1 cause of death in U.S
Stroke
Cause paralysis, slurred speech, altered brain function and death; 4th leading caused of death in U.S; Leading cause of adult disability
Asthma
Affects close to 25 million Americans
Reproductive Effects in Women
Ectopic pregnancy and reduced fertility
Diabetes
30% to 40% of developing type 2 diabetes for smokers, increase risk of heart and kidney disease, and poor blood flow to legs and feet
Blindness, Cataracts, and Age-Related macular degeneration
Leading cause of blindness in adults ages 65 and older
10 other types of cancer
More likely to develop a second primary cancer; liver and colorectal cancer; reduces the survival rates for prostate cancer patients
Adults in the U.S that smoke
42 million, 18%
Worldwide death annually from smoking
6 million; 8 million by year 2030
Tobacco smoke
Contains both gases and particulates and limits mow much oxygen can be carried in the bloodstream
The particulate phase of burning tobacco includes
A variety of carbon-based compounds or carcinogens
Nicotine
More addictive than heroin or alcohol; affects the brain and alters mood and behavior
When smoke is inhaled
Nicotine reaches the brain in 7 seconds
The responses throughout the body when nicotine is inhaled and reaches the brain
Heart and breathing rates increase, blood vessels constrict, peripheral circulation slows down, blood pressure increases
First time smokers may experience
Dizziness, nausea, headache, feelings of tension and tiredness relieved
After a few minutes
Withdrawal occurs; may feel depressed, irritable, and have the urge to smoke again
Chewing tobacco forms
Loose leaf, twist, plug, dip, chew, or chaw
Smokeless tobacco contains
7 times more nicotine than cigarettes
Between 80% to 90%
Of all deaths related to lung cancer and obstructive lung disease are caused by smoking
Risk for coronary disease and stroke
Two to four times higher among smokers
A review on tobacco and dementia by the WHO
14% of Alzheimer's disease cases worldwide may link to smoking
Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase
The risk for dementia
By reducing serum cholesterol to recommended levels can increase
Life expectancy by about 1 week to 6 months
Smoking cessation may increase
Life expectancy by 2.5 to 4.5 years
The cost of human life, smoking in the U.S
$170 million in health-care expenditures which accounts for 8.7% of total health-care spending
Unhealthy Effects of Smoking
Eyes; lungs; kidneys, colon, liver, bladder, pancreas; stomach/abdomen; mouth/throat; heart; reproductive system; blood; brain
Eyes
Cataracts and macular degeneration
Lungs
Lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and asthma
Kidneys, colon, liver, bladder, and pancreas
Cancer and diabetes
Stomach/Abdomen
Stomach cancer, peptic ulcers, and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Mouth/Throat
Cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus and causes gum disease
Heart
Coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis
Reproductive system
Breast cancer, cervical cancer, erectile dysfunction, birth complications, unhealthy babies, and sudden infant death syndrome in babies of smokers
Blood
Impairs immune system, leukemia, and decrease HDL
Brain
Stroke
Several factors determine the dosage of tobacco usage
The number of cigarettes smoked, the length of time one has been smoking, the strength of the cigarette, the depth of the inhalation, the amount of exposure to other lung-damaging substances, and the greater the exposure to smoke, the greater the risk
3 physical consequences of short-term smoking
Increased rates of respiratory infections and asthma, impairments of athletic performance, and reduce benefits and enjoyment associated with recreational exercise
Cigar and pipe smokers have a higher risk for
Cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, and pipe smokers: lip
Secondhand smoke
A combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke
Adolescents exposed to secondhand smoke
May have five times the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and becoming smokers
Children of smoking mothers have
Lower birth weight, more likely to be premature, at risk for respiratory infections and asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Exposure to secondhand smoke in both childhood and adulthood can increase
Risk for depression and panic disorder 10 years later
11 Health Risks of Smokeless Tobacco
Oral cavity cancer (increases by 4 to 50 times); cancer of throat, larynx, and esophagus; precancerous skin changes; high blood pressure; rotting teeth, exposed roots, premature tooth loss, and worn-down teeth; ulcerated, inflamed, infected gums; slow hea