Simile
A comparison using like or as that helps us relate by comparing something in the character's life to something in our's.
Example: "Bodies were scattered like leaves on the ground after a storm.
Metaphor
A direct comparison that does not use like or as and helps express ideas for which there are no words; gets the author's point across and helps the reader relate.
Example: "... afraid that nightfall would turn over the uncertain pages of our lives.
Personification
Gives human qualities to non-living or inanimate objects and allows readers to connect with the character's surroundings.
Example: "The air was stiff as if nature itself was afraid of what was happening.
Symbol/Symbolism
A person, place, or thing that stands for something other than itself and helps the reader make connections to character, setting, and any part of the plot.
Example: Ishmael's rap cassette tapes are symbolic of his childhood.
Imagery
Creates pictures in the reader's mind and creates a greater understanding that leads to overall empathy.
Example: "I am pushing a rusty wheelbarrow in a town where the air smells of blood and burnt flesh." -- Uses imagery to describe the setting.
Foreshadowing
When an author gives the reader one or more clues about an upcoming event before it happens to prepare the reader and add suspense.
Example: "We didn't know that we were leaving home, never to return again.
Flashback
A device in the narrative or a motion picture, novel, etc., by which an event or scene taking place before the present time in the narrative is inserted into the chronological structure of the work; helps explain the plot.
Example: Ishmael's memories of b
Dialect
A special way of speaking typically involving a specific tone, words, and intonation (provincial, rural, or socially distinct) that differs from a standard, accepted language; reminds the reader of character's culture and gives them a better understanding
Juxtaposition
Compare and contrast between two elements; often used to make a point
Example: When Ishmael and his friends first hear the ocean they are terrified, but become happy when they realize what it really is.
Diction
Word choice; shows emotions and creates specific reactions.
Example: "Their cry pierced my heart." -- Pierced vs. break adds drama and sounds more painful.