what is the genre of Man's Search for Meaning?
psychological autobiography
Man's Search for Meaning is divided into 2 parts; what is part 1 about?
a personal essay about his imprisonment in Auschwitz
was a lack of purpose or intent to accomplish a goal key to survival in Man's Search for Meaning?
no
when is Man's Search for meaning set?
mid 1940s in Austria
what is part 2 of Man's Search for Meaning about?
a psychiatric method of treatment for psychotherapeutic patients
who were the capos in Man's Search for Meaning?
prisoners who acted like trustees
MSM- "If you want to stay alive, there's only one way: ______
look fit for work
which camp in MSM had no crematoriums?
Camp Dachau
what was one thing Frankl said he would never do at the camp? (MSM)
walk into the electric fence
were Frankl and his parent's in the same concentration camp? (MSM)
no
why was Frankl rewarded with a place in the front row? (MSM)
because he listened to the Capo's stories
what was one thing the prisoners did not discuss? (MSM)
clothing
what was Frankl's revelation in MSM?
everything can be taken away from man but one thing: to choose one's attitude in any given circumstances
what was the first stage of a prisoner's mental reaction to being in the camp? (MSM)
shock
what happened to prisoners who cut off the top of their jackboots? (MSM)
they were given severe lashings with leather straps
an ________ reaction to an _______ situation is normal" (MSM)
abnormal, abnormal
When discussing how the prisoners lost their sense of individualism, what does Frankl equate their existence with? (MSM)
a flock of sheep guarded by dogs
who did Frankl ask to make his will? (MSM)
Otto- the chief doctor
what did German philosopher Friedrich Nietzshe say? (MSM)
That which does not kill us makes us stronger
is cannibalism one of the fundamental experiences which threaten the character of liberated prisoners?
no
when was the king's speech given? (King's Speech)
03-Sep-39
why did King George become king? (King's Speech)
because his brother wanted to marry a divorced woman
what is King's George's tone while giving his speech? (King's Speech)
sending a message that he is calm; his voice is reassuring; very economical with his language
how many words was King George's Speech and how long did it take him to read it?
404 words, 5 minutes and 44 seconds
who helps King George with his speech? (King's Speech)
Lionel Logue
does the speech have long or short sentences? (King's Speech)
short
what is the most difficult part of the speech for King George to get through? (King's Speech)
when he declares war and says its necessary and apologizes
what does King George say will happen if they don't go to war? (King's Speech)
there will be mass casualties all over the world
what does King George's speech have the same cadence as? (King's Speech)
the Lord's Prayer
why was it important for the pubic to hear King George's voice instead of just reading the speech themselves? (King's Speech)
because it assured his people of their protection, and he needed their support
what life lessons do we learn from the King's Speech?
don't be stubborn when someone tries to help, perseverance, and courage
what happened to King George when he married Elizabeth? (King's Speech)
she transformed his life and brought him to get help for his speech
who was King George raised by as a child? was she nice? (King's Speech)
a nanny/nurse, no- she was cruel to him
what are some themes of the King's Speech?
overcoming a flaw, facing responsibility, the pressures of failure, Britain just before the beginning of WWII
when was Siddhartha published?
1922 in Germany and 1951 in America
what is Siddhartha about?
the quest for enlightenment
How can one obtain true happiness? (Siddhartha)
true happiness can only come from a deep understanding of our place on this planet
Siddhartha knows that essential truths cannot be taught; how must they be learned?
through life experience: a balance between learning and living
Siddhartha is spiritually _______
dissatisfied
who accompanies Siddhartha on his quest for enlightenment and what do they start by doing?
his best friend Govinda; the two men spend three years with the Samanas learning how to withstand pain and hunger in an effort to flee the body's limitations
what happens after Govinda decides to to join Gotama's community of monks? (Siddhartha)
Despite Govinda's urgings and despite recognizing Gotama as the Holiest Man Ever, Siddhartha opts not to follow Gotama
Siddhartha travels to a nearby town where he is entranced by the beauty of a well-known courtesan named ______ and becomes her lover
Kamala
what does Siddhartha experience while living his worldly ife and what does he do?
He develops anxiety, self-hatred, and a high-stakes gambling habit. One morning, overwhelmed by his own depression and troubling dreams, Siddhartha walks out of his fancy home and never returns.
After considering suicide and briefly encountering his old friend Govinda, what does Siddhartha do?
finds the ferryman and asks to become his apprentice. The ferryman, named Vasudeva, accepts Siddhartha as his companion and together the two men listen to the river
what happens as a result of Vasudeva and the teachings of the river? (Siddhartha)
Siddhartha gradually grows wiser and wiser. After allowing his son (by Kamala) to leave the river and follow his own path, Siddhartha achieves enlightenment. Vasudeva the ferryman passes into Nirvana, and Siddhartha continues to ferry people across the ri
in the end, does Siddhartha find enlightenment?
Yes - Vasudeva guided him there and Siddhartha did the same for Govinda
How did Siddhartha convince his dad to let him join the Samanas?
Standing stationary throughout the night with no sleep
How long did Siddhartha stay with the Samanas?
three years
Who was Siddhartha's shadow?
Govinda
What did Siddhartha believe about teaching?
In order to gain knowledge about life, one must find it on his own
How did the Samanas live? (Siddhartha)
poorly
What did the Samanas teach Siddhartha?
Patience, fasting, thinking
Who caused Siddhartha to stray from the path of the Samanas?
Kamala
Who did Siddhartha meet when crossing the river?
the ferryman- Vasudeva
When did Siddhartha finally reach peace and end his ego?
When he almost decided to drown himself
Who is considered by strangers to be Siddhartha's twin?
the ferryman
What did Siddhartha not believe in following?
The lessons from teachers- he believed you had to find your own truth
Who was Govinda passionate about meeting? (Siddhartha)
He wanted to travel to hear Gautama's teachings and lessons from his own lips
What did Siddhartha do that surprised himself?
He pulled Gautama aside and expressed his discontent with some of his teachings
what did Siddhartha think of Govinda once he became a follower of Gautama?
he feels that Govinda has and will always be a follower
What does Siddhartha begin to learn from?
the river
What does Siddhartha say is the problem with words?
There will always be a contradiction with words
what is the genre of Everyman?
medieval morality
when was Everyman written and who wrote it?
1500s; unknown- either didn't want the glory or a student who wasn't given credit
what point of view is Everyman written from?
Roman Catholic
why was Everyman performed?
to save souls
who would perform Everyman and what would happen after the performance?
Monks would perform the play in the village square and afterwards, a priest would hear confessions
list the things that accompany Everyman and whether they were considered to be good (+) or bad (-)
Fellowship (-), kindred and cousin (-), goods (-), good deeds (+), knowledge (brings him to confession) and confession (+), beauty, discretion, strength and wits (-), angel (+), priest (Dr. of Theology) (+)
who brings Everyman to confession?
knowledge
who accompanies Everyman to heaven?
good deeds
what was Dante heavily influenced by?
Everyman
what caused Dante to write Inferno?
Thought he was going to go to hell and his life was hopeless
what is Dante's role in Inferno?
Puts himself as the main character who can travel through the three realms of the dead (hell, purgatory, and heaven)
what is Dante's motivation for writing Inferno?
Wants to be in heaven for eternity and cleans up his act
what does Inferno mean in Italian?
hell
which book in Dante's trilogy becomes the most popular and why?
Inferno because it was the most graphic
what happens to Dante after he goes through the journey of salvation? (Inferno)
he ends up in heaven
who is the author of Dante's Inferno?
Dante Alighieri
what type of literature is Dante's Inferno?
epic poem
when is Dante's Inferno written?
1308-1400 (remember 1300s)
what is the genre of Dante's Inferno?
allegory- designed to save souls
why was Dante's Inferno originally written in Italian instead of Latin?
Italian was Dante's native language and he wanted the average person to be able to read it
why was Dante exiled?
he opposed the pope
when does Dante write Inferno?
after his exile to get back at his enemies
what point of view is Dante's Inferno told from?
first person
what tense is Dante's Inferno written in?
past
what are the 9 circles of hell in order and who resides in each? (Inferno)
1) limbo/dark wood
2) lustful
3) gluttonous
4) hoarders and wasters
5) wrathful and sullen
6) heretics
7) violent
8) fraudulent
9) treachery/betrayal
who is considered the ultimate betrayer and is in circle 9?
Judas
what was the original title of trilogy that includes Dante's Inferno and who changed it?
Commedia (comedy refers to going from bad to good); Boccaccio added "Divine" calling it the Divine Comedy
what are the three parts of the Divine Comedy?
Inferno (hell), Purgatorio (purgatory), and Paradiso (heaven)
who are Dante's three guides in order and where do they take him?
1) Virgil- guides him through hell and purgatory
2) Beatrice- guides him from purgatory to heaven
3) St. Bernard- guides him through heaven
why does St. Bernard guide Dante through heaven (Inferno)?
the blessed mother allows him because he spent his life in devotion to her
who is Dante's idol what did he write?
Virgil, wrote the Aeneid (about Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans)
what is a canto and how many are in Inferno?
a chapter, 34
what is the first canto (Inferno)
dark wood
what does Virgil represent and where does he live?
human reason; lives in limbo because he's a pagan and was born before Christ
what are the three categories of sin and which animals represent them (Inferno)
1) lust- leopard
2) pride- lion
3) greed- she-wolf (most fierce, sent by Satan)
can Dante enter heaven? why can't Virgil enter heaven? (Inferno)
Dante can enter heaven because he's Christian; Virgil can't because he worshipped false gods
who is Minos (Inferno)?
judge of the dammed; determines which circle the dead go to based on their sins; coils his tail as they confess
where does Minos stay (Inferno)
between limbo and circle 2
what is circle 2 known as and what is the punishment (Inferno)?
hurricane of hell (lust)- tossed around in a hurricane-like wind (symbol of passion), lovers can never touch each other
what is the story of Francesca, Paolo, and Giovanni (Inferno)?
Francesca was married to Giovanni (arranged), she was treated horribly and was not in love, fell in love with Giovanni's younger brother Paolo, Giovanni found out and killed them both- Francesca and Paolo are in circle 2 and Giovanni is in circle 9 (ironi
what is terza rima (Inferno)?
triple rhyme (rhyme scheme)
which pope is in circle 8 and what is his punishment? why does Dante hate him so much (Inferno)?
Pope Boniface VIII, human candle; he exiled Dante
what are the four rings of circle 9 (Inferno)?
#NAME?
what sin did those in Judecca commit and what is their punishment (Inferno)?
they betrayed their masters and frozen under ice (Judas is here)
which circle of hell is Satan in (Inferno)?
circle 9
what is circle 9 like (Inferno)?
very cold, dark, and foggy, has a frozen river of ice because it is the farthest from God's love and warmth
what colors are the three faces of Satan and what do they represent (Inferno)?
#NAME?
what sinners do Satan's faces consume (Inferno)?
Brutus, Cassius, and Judas
what are 2 lessons from Dante's Inferno?
we all need a wise guide to get us through life, and we can't get to heaven with reason alone- have to have faith
what Greed god is associated with Greek theater?
Dionysus
who is credited with putting the first actor on stage in a solo performance?
Thespis of Icaria
who is credited with adding a second actor to the stage?
Aeschylus
who is credited with adding a third actor to the stage?
Sophocles
what is a Greek chorus?
a male only group often identified as the citizens of the city where the action takes place
what is the function of the Greek chorus?
to provide commentary on actions and events of the play that were taking place before the audience; creates a deeper connection between characters and audience
what interesting item did Ancient Greek chorus members wear during the performance and why?
wore identical masks because they represented the same character/group of characters; symbolizes strength, truth, and unity
what is a skene and what is its significance/function in Ancient Greek theater?
a building that provided changing rooms for the actors; scenes were often painted on the wall to suggest the play's setting
the 1st time and Ancient Greek chorus enters the stage during a performance is called _____
parados
Sophocles is the author of Oedipus the King (aka Oedipus Rex). when and where was Sophocles born?
around 496 in Colonus (near Athens)
name two other occupations/skills that Sophocles maintained in his life
military leader, public treasurer, ambassador/politician, musician, dancer, wrestler, etc.
how many times did Sophocles win 1st prize in the Annual Dionysian Dramatic Festival?
at least 18 times
how many plays did Sophocles write?
over 120
how many of Sophocles' plays have survived in complete form?
7
list Sophocles' three masterful, tragic plays (aka The Trilogy of Sophocles or The Theban Plays)
Oedipus the King, Antigone, and Oedipus at Colonus
did Sophocles write comedies? if so, what are they called?
not that we know of
what is the "dark vision?
suggests that Sophocles must have experienced something horrific that inspired him to write such dark things
which play did Sophocles write at age 90+?
Oedipus at Colonus (autobiographical: about the end of his own life)
audience had knowledge of some critical piece of information, while the character or characters to whom the information pertains are "in the dark
dramatic irony
a trait, frailty, or error of judgment leading to a hero's downfall (ex: excessive pride or desire for revenge)
hamartia (tragic flaw)
excessive pride; the belief that he or she is somehow above the fates or in control of destiny
hubris
such a character, though noble, has a defect, or flaw; the flaw- which may be poor judgment, great pride, or weakness- helps bring about his or her downfall
tragic hero
the belief that one's fate is sealed by God or mythological gods
predestination
often the protagonist in a tragedy undergo a process of recognition, in which they see their own nature or destiny more clearly than before
anagnorisis
the release of powerful, healing emotions that make tragedy so moving; can't leave the audience horrified, so there has to be a resolution
catharsis
what is the genre of Oedipus the King?
Ancient Greek Drama
what is the setting of Oedipus the King?
mythical past of Ancient Greece (mainly Thebes but also Corinth and Athens)
list the dramatis personae (characters) in the play
#NAME?
what is the "Oedipus Complex?
theory of psychosexual stages of development that states that children view their same-sex parent as a rival for the opposite-sex parent's attentions and affections
who initially introduced the Oedipus Complex?
Sigmund Freud (also corresponded with Victor Frankl in Man's Search for Meaning)
why is the Oedipus Complex no longer widely believed today?
because Freud misinterpreted/distorted the meaning of the play to fit this idea; Oedipus had no idea that he was adopted and set off on the journey to try to avoid his fate (killing his father and marrying his mother); he didn't know that he had actually
who is the founder of Thebes and ancestor of Oedipus?
Cadmus
describe the lineage of the royal house of Thebes
Cadmus- founder and 1st ruler of Thebes
Polydoras
Labadacas
Lauis
Oedipus (great great grandson of Cadmus)
what are the three main concepts of Oedipus
#NAME?
what does "oedipus" mean in Greek?
swollen foot
what are three lessons from Oedipus?
#NAME?
what is the catharsis (resolution) of Oedipus?
Oedipus leaving Thebes
who is the narrator of Oedipus?
the Greek chorus
what is the central question of Oedipus?
what does it take to really be able to see?
what are the three unities of Oedipus?
- 1 day: full play happens within 24 hours
- 1 location: all the action takes place in front of the castle
- 1 story
who are Polybus and Merope?
the king and queen of Corinth and Oedipus' adoptive parents
what is Oedipus's tragic flaw?
hubris- excessive pride
why did the witness tell Jocasta that a band of robbers killed Laius?
he didn't want to be killed by Oedipus (new king)
who are the only ones that know that Oedipus killed Laius?
the messenger from Thebes and Tiresias
who are Antigone and Ismene and who takes care of them?
daughters of Jocasta and Oedipus; Creon takes care of them
moment of truth
anagnorisis
what happens after the anagnorisis?
Jocasta kills herself and Oedipus is exiled: crops start growing again when he leaves (experiences humility at the end)
what does Oedipus do before he is exiled and why?
blinds himself so he can't see the pain he has caused others (literal and metaphorical)
why did Laius and Jocasta leave Oedipus to die and what did they do?
because the oracle at Delphi told Laius that he would die at the hands of his son, and they wanted to prevent this; they left baby Oedipus on the top of a mountain with his feet pinned together
what did the Sphinx do and what did this cause (Oedipus)?
killed every man who couldn't answer the riddle which resulted in a famine
who was reported to have killed Laius (Oedipus)?
a band of robbers
why did Oedipus leave Corinth?
self-exiled: oracle at Delphi told him that he was fated to kill his father and marry his mother
how does Oedipus become the new king of Thebes?
he correctly answered the sphinx's riddle so she killed herself and he saved the Thebans; they were so grateful that they made him their king
what was the riddle of the sphinx (Oedipus)?
what creature goes on four feet in the morning, on two at noonday, on three in the evening"- man
what happens 20 years after Oedipus becomes king of Thebes and marries Jocasta (his mother)?
there was a terrible plague which brought about death and famine
what did Apollo declare about the plague (Oedipus)?
it would stay unless whoever murdered king Laius was punished
who was Tiresias and what did he tell (Oedipus)?
the old blind prophet; "You are yourself the murderer you seek
what actually happened when Laius was murdered (Oedipus)?
Oedipus came across a man and his attendants on his way from Delphi at a place where 3 roads meet; the man tried to force him off the path by striking him with a stick (Laius has the right of way because he's king); Oedipus was angry and killed them
describe what Chaucer says in his retraction
you should probably read through the whole thing
Chaucer asks that all who hear or read "this litel trettys" pray that Christ have mercy on him, specifically because of his translations and compositions of "worldly vanities." He thanks God for his moral works, specifically his translation of Boethius an
what is another name that Chaucer is referred to as?
the father of English poetry
what language did people in Chaucer's England speak?
Angle-Norman (Middle English)[the ancestor of Modern English]
what genre is Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales"?
a frame story
a group of individual tales connected by a common thread
frame story
how is Boccaccio connected to the Canterbury Tales?
he wrote the 1st frame story, the genre of the Canterbury Tales
how is Boccaccio connected to Dante?
he named "The Divine Comedy
before Chaucer, was it popular to write in English? explain.
no - literature was mostly written in Latin
was Chaucer known during his time?
yes
which kings did Chaucer serve under?
#NAME?
what did Chaucer compose his writing in?
vernacular
where and when was Chaucer born?
1340 / 1343 - London to a middle class family
what conflict was Chaucer born at the beginning of?
the Hundred Years' War
what was Chaucer's father's occupation?
as a wine merchant
what happened to Chaucer during the Hundred Years' War?
captured in France as a soldier - king contributed to his ransom (the king was a patron of his)
who did Chaucer marry?
Philippa; didn't love her and grew to hate women (misogyny)
how many children did Chaucer have?
at least 2
how was Chaucer involved in the government?
- appointed Justice of the Peace in Kent County (1385)
- a member of Parliament
was Chaucer's writing the priority in his life? explain.
work took precedence over his writing (until the end of his life, when writing dominated)
what was Chaucer's "The Book of Duchess" about?
a memory of his patron's wife, who had just died of plague
what were some of Chaucer's allegorical poems?
- "House of Fame"
- "Parliament of Fowls"
- "Troilus and Crisedye
who Chaucer influenced by?
#NAME?
what is the "frame" is Chaucer's tales?
a religious pilgrimage during which each traveler is to tell 4 stories (29 pilgrims * 4 = 116)
when did Chaucer begin the Canterbury Tales?
1387
did Chaucer complete the Canterbury Tales? explain.
no - only completed 24 tales
where does the Canterbury Tale's greatness lie?
- it's language
- the strength of Chaucer's spirit & personality
what did Chaucer delight in writing?
irony
what is the dominant meter in The Canterbury Tale's?
based on 10 syllables
what rhythm closely resembles the way English is spoken?
iambic pentameter
what is Chaucer's favorite rhyme scheme?
the couplet
when did Chaucer die?
October 25, 1400
where is Chaucer's tomb located?
Westminster Abbey
what is significant of Chaucer being buried in Westminster Abbey?
he was the 1st to be buried in the Poet's Corner there (a popular tourist site)
who said this about Chaucer's grave: "The Father of English poetry lives in his family vault."?
Coghill, a modern day translator literary selections
was Chaucer religious?
very religious his entire life
in terms of religion, what did Chaucer believe in?
[Christianity] believed in God's love & mercy
what did Chaucer doubt about Christianity?
that real life friars & Popes had much to do with a sinner reaching Heaven
what is Chaucer's theme?
[God is love - evil is non-love]
- things that lead a man to self-love also lead him to forget the cornerstone of Christian faith
what was St. Thomas Becket's relationship with the king?
Henry II's best friend
what culture did St. Thomas Becket come from?
the Normans
what positions did St. Thomas Becket hold during Henry II's reign?
[the 2 most powerful positions]
- Archbishop of Canterbury
- Lord Chancellor of England
how did St. Thomas Becket die?
martyrdom - 4 of Henry II's knights murdered him a the altar
why was St. Thomas Becket murdered?
he took the Pope's side & infuriated Henry II
what did Henry II do after St. Thomas Becket's death?
he (ironically) erected a statue/shrine of Becket & did public penance so the Saxons wouldn't rebel
where are Chaucer's pilgrims traveling to in The Canterbury Tales?
to the Shrine of St. Thomas Becket
what language is the Canterbury Tales written in?
Middle English
a pilgrim in the company and the narrator (CT)
Chaucer
also called the "Host," is the owner of the Tabard Inn (CT)
Harry Bailey
a noble pilgrim recently back from the Crusades (CT)
knight
a rude fellow who tells an insulting story about a carpenter (CT)
miller
shows his temper when he feels insulted (CT)
reeve
a seamstress from the town of Bath who has strong opinions about marriage (CT)
Wife of Bath
sells indulgences for the Church but makes himself a tidy profit as well (CT)
pardoner
travels with several guildsmen, including a carpenter and a weaver (CT)
cook
a discreet lawyer who seems busier than he really is (CT)
man of law
a loud man who prefers a rousing tale to a sermon (CT)
shipman
Madame Eglantyne, whose elegance seems a little phony, is nevertheless an entertaining companion (CT)
prioress
an excellent hunter, prefers modern ways to traditional ones (CT)
monk
Sir John, a charming priest traveling with a nun, tells a merry fable (CT)
nun's priest
makes good money as a doctor and keeps to a strict diet, but he neglects the Bible (CT)
physician
has many friends and pays special attention to the young ladies, is not above accepting a bribe or two (CT)
friar
A man who brings sinners before the church for trial, uses his position to extort the poor (CT)
summoner
a university student who prefers books to fine clothes and food (CT)
clerk
has become wealthy and enjoys showing off his fine clothes and talking about his money (CT)
merchant
the Knight's son, a youthful and accomplished noble (CT)
squire
a landowner but not a member of the nobility, lives for pleasure, especially the pleasures of food and drink (CT)
Franklin
a pious woman devoted to Mary, regards idleness as a destructive force (CT)
second nun
joins the company briefly before riding away and leaving his Yeoman, is an inept alchemist (CT)
canon
joins the company after his employer, an alchemist, abandons him for giving away professional secrets
canon's yeoman
in charge of purchasing food for an institution, has made more money than smarter men through shrewd investments (CT)
manciple
The most devout clergyman in the group, always puts others first and gives selflessly to the poor and suffering (CT)
parson
what does Chaucer say in his disclaimer?
he's denying responsibility for any injury/offense
what contest does the Host get the pilgrims to participate in (CT)?
whoever tells the best tale will get a free dinner at his place: they all put money in a hat and the host is the judge (he keeps all the money and everyone will actually have to pay for their own meal)
who is the first pilgrim to tell their tale (CT)?
the knight
does the reader ever get to see the characters reach the shrine (CT)?
no- probably because Chaucer got bored
what is the last tale in the Canterbury Tales about and who tells it?
sin and salvation; told by the only holy man in the group- the Parson
what is Chaucer's goal in writing the Canterbury Tales?
he wants to save souls like Dante
what is the general purpose of Chaucer's retraction at the end of the book (CT)?
he repeats the disclaimer
what is the theme of the knight's tale (CT)?
instability of human life; no one is immune from disaster
what is the setting of the knight's tale (CT)?
ancient mythological Greece
who is Theseus in the knight's tale?
a great conqueror; ruler of Athens
who rules in Thebes in the knight's tale?
Creon
who is Emily in the knight's tale?
Queen Hippolyta's sister
what is the knight's tale about?
a story of courtly love
what is the genre of the knight's tale (CT)?
chivalric romance- a tale of love, adventure, knightly conflict, and pageantry
who conquers Thebes and what does he do in the knight's tale?
Theseus; returns the men's bodies to their wives
who does Creon find in the fields and what does he do to them (knight's tale)?
2 knights (Palamon and Arcite) and puts them in prison for life
who falls in love with Emily first (knight's tale)
Palamon
does Arcite fall in love with Emily too (knight's tale)?
yes
who gets Arcite out of prison (knight's tale)?
Duke Perotheus
why do Palamon and Arcite envy one another (knight's tale)?
Palamon envies Arcite because he espaced and has a chance to marry Emily and Arcite envies Palamon because he gets to see Emily everyday from the prison window
who appears to Arcite and what does he tell him (knight's tale)
Mercury; tells him to go to Athens
who does Arcite eventually work for and what name does he go by (knight's tale)?
page for Emily; Philostrate
how long was Palamon in prison before he escaped (knight's tale)?
7 years
what happens when Theseus discovers Palamon and Arcite fighting (knight's tale)
he was hunting when he saw them; wants to kill them but Emily begs him not to and he agrees
what does Theseus do instead of killing Palamon and Arcite (knight's tale)?
tells them to each gather 100 men to fight and the winner gets Emily
what lesson do we learn from the knight's tale?
good fortune is often quickly followed by disaster- things can change in an instant; love can make you sick
which gods are associated with Arcite, Palamon, and Emily (knight's tale)?
#NAME?
what does Palamon ask for if Arcite wins (knight's tale)?
his own death; he also prays for victory
what does Emily pray for (knight's tale)?
wants to remain a maiden and never wants a lover; sends love and peace to the knights and wants them to turn away from her; if it is her destiny, she wants whoever desires her most
what does Arcite pray for (knight's tale)?
victory in battle
which god finds a way to keep the promises made to both knights (knight's tale)?
Saturn: Venus' father and tells her that he will ensure that Palamon will get Emily
who is first declared to be the winner and what happens after (knight's tale)?
Arcite; he is thrown off his horse and gets crushed; Theseus tells Emily she must marry Palamon
how does the knight's tale end?
Theseus comforts Emily and Palamon who live happily ever after
what was the midieval conception of love?
true love can only exist outside of marriage
what does William mean when he says, "A man can change his stars" after his first joust posing as Sir Ector? (KT film)
a man can change his fate, he is in control of his own destiny
when Chaucer says "Oh well, it was allegorical" and Roland replies, "Well, we won't hold that against you. That's for each man to decide for himself!" what is the basis of this misunderstanding? (KT film)
he doesn't know what allegorical means and thinks it's an insult
when Chaucer tells them later "I will eviscerate you in fiction- every last pimple, every last character flaw. I was naked for a day. You will be naked for eternity" what does he mean? Even though this movie is not based on fact, why would the film's writ
the pardoner and summoner will be exposed and humiliated in his writing forever and Chaucer actually did this in the Canterbury Tales
Jocelyn tells William "If you would prove your love, you should do your worst... Instead of winning to honor me with your fine reputation, I want you to lose... To show your obedience to your lover and not to yourself." What does this remind you of from T
Wife of Bath; yes, women want control over their husbands
after William is found out to be a phony, Jocelyn says she is willing to run away with him, even if it means living in a hovel with pigs because the poor can marry for love. Why is this a true statement of life in the Middle Ages? (KT film)
wealthy people had arranged marriages and did not marry for love but the poor did
How did watching this movie (KT film) help you understand the Middle Ages and The Canterbury Tales?
independent women- Jocelyn and Kate, corrupt clergy, knighthood, Chaucer the poet, courtly love (jealously, risk, etc)
what is the genre of the Wife of Bath's prologue?
allegorical confession (confessing sins to the audience)
what is the genre of the Wife of bath's tale?
exemplum: story in a sermon to teach a moral lesson (her's is not intended)
what does the wife of bath (Allison) use to justify her actions?
incorrectly uses scripture
where is the wife of bath from?
Bath, England
how old is the wife of bath when she first gets married?
12
why does the wife of bath go on the trip?
probably to find husband #6
what does the wife of bath say about women who have had many husbands?
they are good wives because they have experience
what does the wife of bath say is a good husband?
easy to control, old, and rich
which husbands and good and which are bad (wife of bath)?
first 3 are good and last two are bad
what is Allison's bad habit (wife of bath)?
lying
why is husband #4 bad (wife of bath)?
he probably cheated on her, so she constantly makes him jealous to get revenge on him
describe Allison's fifth husband Jankin (wife of bath)
cheated on her with two different women, was half her age, came to husband #4's funeral, he struck her in the ear and made her deaf during a fight because she refused to listen to his stories about wicked women
what does Allison make Jankin do with his book (wife of bath)?
burn it and they make a truce
who interrupts the wife of bath's prologue and who is the peacemaker?
the friar then the summoner; the host is the peacemaker
when is the wife of bath's tale set?
in the days of King Arthur
what did the queen ask of the knight in order for her to save his life (wife of bath)?
must tell her what women desire most
what does Allison say women would like to be known for (wife of bath)
keeping a secret; tells the story of King Midas to prove that men can't keep a secret either
what is it that women really want (wife of bath)?
mastery over their husbands
who tells the knight what women really want and what does she ask of him (wife of bath)?
an old lady; she wants the knight to marry her
what option does the old lady give the knight and what does he choose (wife of bath)?
to have her be old, loyal, and a good wife or to be young, beautiful, and unfaithful; he lets her decide
how does the wife of bath's tale end?
the knight allowed his wife to have mastery over him (just like all women want) and she turns young and beautiful
what are the three parts of the pardoner's tale?
words to host, physician, and pardoner
what does the pardoner preach against (PT)?
avarice/greed; says that money is the root of all evil
what does the pardoner admit to (PT)?
admits to being a fraud; he's a hypocrite: preaches against greed for his own gain of money
where is the Pardoner's tale set?
in Flanders, England
what are the vices in the Pardoner's tale?
drunkenness, gambling, lust, and greed
who are the three men in the pardoner's tale?
the evil one, the young one, and the other one (there's three to add drama and conflict)
what do the three men in the pardoner's tale want to do?
kill death
what does the old man tell the the three men in the pardoner's tale?
that death will not take him and he was in a grove under a tree
describe what happens at the end of the pardoner's tale
they find gold by the oak tree, the youngest goes into town to get wine and bread while the others plan to kill him when he returns so they can have more money to themselves, the youngest puts poison in two of the bottles so he can have the money for hims
who is the peacemaker between the pardoner and the host and what does he make them do (KT)
the knight makes them kiss
what is the genre of Beowulf?
Anglo-Saxon Old English poem/heroic narrative
who wrote Beowulf and when was it written?
believed to be composed by a single Christian poet for a Christian audience in Anglo Saxon England anywhere from the 7th to 11th century; composed in the oral poetic tradition
what is Beowulf influenced by and what does it include?
influence by Germanic oral tradition and Old North myth and legend; contains biblical allusions to the Old Testament
a character whose traits contrast with and thereby accentuate those of another character
foil
when does the action in Beowulf take place?
around 500 AD
what are some themes in Beowulf?
#NAME?
what are three motifs in Beowulf?
monsters, the oral tradition, and the mead hall
what are three symbols in Beowulf?
- the Golden Torque (symbol of the bond of loyalty between the Danes and the Geats)
- the banquet (represents restoring of order and harmony to the Danes
- the dragon (emphasizes wyrd/fate which creates an atmosphere of death and doom)
what are the three major conflicts in Beowulf?
1) Grendel battle
2) Grendel's mother battle
3) dragon battle
when & where was Shakespeare born?
April 23, 1564 - Stratford upon Avon, England
when was Shakespeare baptized? why?
April 26, 1564 - babies were baptized 3 days after birth
how much education did Shakespeare have?
went to an Elizabethan school as a child
who was Shakespeare's wife? where was she from?
Anne Hathaway -- Shottery (near Stratford, England)
what did Shakespeare's father do for a living?
a tanner, glover, money lender, wool dealer(made gloves & leather goods)
how many works did Shakespeare produce?
37 plays, 154 sonnets, and several non dramatic poems
what was significant about Shakespeare's son?
he died, leaving no heir to bequest his estate
where did Shakespeare live during his career as a writer? why?
London - that's where his theatres were
where did Shakespeare write mostly? why?
pubs - light (candles) & meals (cheaper)
what did Robert Greene (a writer & playwright of pamplets) say about Shakespeare? why?
tight with money, egotistical, mean & ungrateful" - "actor turned playwright" - "Shake-scene
what 2 Shakespearean poems / long narratives were dedicated to the Earl of Southampton?
#NAME?
why did the Globe Theatre have to be moved across the river?
couldn't renew the lease - it was torn down
what did people of Shakespeare's day think of actors / theatre?
that they were immoral & vulgar
how & when was the Globe Theatre destroyed?
burned in 1613 during a performance of "Henry VIII
what marked the end of Shakespeare's career?
his retirement to Stratford after the burning of the Globe Theatre
how & when did Shakespeare die?
he ate and drank too much; contracted a fever - April 23, 1616
what significance does Ben Jonson hold in regard to Shakespeare & his work?
he wrote a poem praising his work - knew Shakespeare well (wrote for the same theatrical company) - Shakespeare acted in some of his plays
what did Ben Jonson write about Shakespeare? what's significant about this?
Shakespeare would be "not of any age, but for all" -- a prophecy that has come true
what's a folio?
a book in which the printing sheets were folded only once each producing 2 "leaves" or 4 large printed pages
who edited Shakespeare's 1st Folio?
John Heminges & Henry Condell
what is Shakespeare's 1st Folio?
the earliest complete edition of Shakespeare's plays
what do Shakespeare's themes reflect?
human situations - full of rage & emotion for people of any age / time
what was Shakespeare's last play?
The Tempest
what's the significance of "The Tempest"?
we see Shakespeare in the character Prospero -- Prospero gives up his powers at the end of the play & Shakespeare retired
what aspect of writing does Shakespeare emphasize on?
imagery - shows love, hate, revenge, envy
which of Hamlet's plays was Queen Elizabeth's favorite?
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1597)
what would Shakespeare do when a word did not exist?
he made it up; some of his coinages are: accommodation, all-knowing, amazement, frugal, premediated, star-crossed
what are Shakespeare's plays written in?
blank verse, unrhymed iambic pentameter
what is the conflict of Hamlet?
what to do when an orderly state is known to be rotten inside, when the only recourse seems to be murder, an act that a civilized prince despises
which of Shakespeare's plays contains the most quotable phrases and memorable scenes?
Hamlet
what is the setting of Hamlet?
Elsinore, Denmark circa 1200
what is the genre of Hamlet?
tragic drama
what does Hamlet contain a lot of?
imagery
what are 6 themes in Hamlet?
#NAME?
what is scene 1 of Hamlet known as?
the coronation scene
what is Hamlet's first soliloquy about?
a contemplation of suicide; he doesn't go through with it because it was considered a mortal sin at the time
Shakespeare coined this phrase: "In my _____ eye
mind's
what symbolizes the ending of an actor's important scene in Hamlet?
a rhyming couplet
what happens in scene 2 of Hamlet?
the Ghost first appears to Hamlet
why is Hamlet so hesitant when he first meets the ghost?
he doesn't know if it's a good or evil spirit
who originally said "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark" in Shakespeare's Hamlet?
Marcellus
what happens in scene 3 of Hamlet?
the Ghost and Hamlet meet
what does Polonius tell Laertes to do in scene 3 (Hamlet)?
to go to Paris
what advice does Polonius give Ophelia in Scene 3 (Hamlet)?
to breakup with Hamlet
what does the Ghost mean when he says "confined to fast in fires
he's in purgatory; he died with his sins on his soul before he could receive absolution
what does Claudius tell people about the king's death (Hamlet)?
he was bit by a snake
what three things did the king lose upon his death (Hamlet)
his life, his crown, and his queen
how does the king really die (Hamlet)?
Claudius puts poison in his ear
who is Hamlet referring to when he says "O most pernicious woman
Queen Gertrude
who is Hamlet referring to when he says "smiling, damned villain
Claudius
what must Hamlet do so that his father's soul can rest?
kill Claudius
what is scene 4 of Hamlet also known as?
the plays the thing" scene
how is Hamlet acting is scene 4?
antic-disposition: fake madness
what is scene 5 of Hamlet also known as?
the nunnery scene
what does Hamlet mean when he tells Ophelia to go to a nunnery?
nunnery had a double meaning: slang for a brothel (a house where men can visit prostitutes), also refers to a convent
what is scene 6 in Hamlet known as?
the dumb show scene
when Claudius asks what the name of the play is, what does Hamlet respond?
The Mouse-trap
what is the actual name of the play that the acting troupe performs in Hamlet?
The Murder of Gonzago
what is the turning point of Hamlet?
when King Claudius says, "Give me some light: away!
does Queen Gertrude know what Claudius did (Hamlet)?
no- she knows as much about the king's deaht as everyone else
what is scene 7 of Hamlet also called?
the closet scene
cut and thrust dialogue; trading insults (in scene 7 of Hamlet)
stichomythia
heavy tapestry that Polonius hides behind in the closet scene of Hamlet?
arras
what is the arras a symbol of in Hamlet?
deception
why does the Ghost reappear to Hamlet in scene 7?
to remind him of what he needs to do; also tells him to reestablish the bond with his mother and to be nice to her
what does Hamlet tell Queen Gertrude at the end of scene 7?
to stay away from Claudius (romantically) and not to blow his (craziness) cover
what is scene 8 in Hamlet also known as?
mad Ophelia scene
who holds a sword to King Claudius' throat in scene 8 and how does Claudius respond?
Laertes; Claudius says, "I am guiltless of your father's death
what would occur if anything happens to Hamlet on Denmark's soil?
Claudius will have to pay for it
what causes Ophelia's hurt and what does she do at the end of scene 8?
her breakup with Hamlet and her father's death; she commits suicide by drowning
what is Hamlet's attitude in scene 9?
he is fatalistic and will accept death when/if it comes
who is Osric (Hamlet)?
a bad guy in Claudius' court
what is Hamlet's sparrow quote?
There's a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. The readiness is all."- biblical reference
what is Claudius' plan to kill Hamlet?
a poison-tipped sword given to Laertes in their fight; backup plan is the poisoned wine with the jewel in it
who accidentally drinks the poison wine (Hamlet)
Queen Gertrude
who gets struck with the poison-tipped sword (Hamlet)?
both Hamlet and Laertes because the swords gets switched and they cut each other
do Hamlet and Laertes forgive each other before they die?
yes
in what order does everyone die and how?
1) King Hamlet- poisoned by Claudius
2) Polonius- stabbed by Hamlet
3) Ophelia- drowns herself
4) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern- killed by the King of England
5) Queen Gertrude- drinks poison wine
6) King Claudius- stabbed by Hamlet and forced to drink poi
what are Hamlet's last words (to Horatio)?
The rest is silence.
does Hamlet live to hear the news of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's deaths?
no
who is the last one standing in Hamlet?
Horatio
who takes over as king after Hamlet dies?
Norwegian prince: Fortinbras
how many acts are in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
3
what is the genre of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
theatre of the absurd
what is the purpose of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
to give significance to the insignificant (and to entertain)
is Hamlet a major or minor character in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
minor
what point is Rosencrantz and Guildenstern trying to make?
that these type of people in society (aka minor characters) are overlooked
what two things are combined to make Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
broad comedy and horrific situations to produce tragicomedy
who wrote Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and when was it published?
Tom Stoppard, 1967
what is the setting of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
a place without any visible character
what is the climax of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
Guildenstern "killing" the player
what are the themes in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
fear and timelessness
what king of language is used in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
complex, confused, and ambiguous (echoes of the Hamlet text)
what is Rosencrantz and Guildenstern full of?
dramatic irony
what does Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do in terms of Shakespeare?
turns Shakespeare inside out; it is an inversion; conversion from tragedy to comedy
why do readers accept the premises of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
because much of life is senseless and absurd