Chapter 3 - Equipment and Technology

Alloy

A material composed of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal.

Blind

A device used in piping to gain complete shutoff.

Bonding

Is described as physically connecting two objects with a copper wire.

Bullet

Cylindrical shaped tank with rounded ends that are classified as high pressure.

Butt-welded piping

pipe on which the parts to be joined are the same diameter and are simply welded together.

Cone-roof Tank

An enclosed tank with a conical shaped roof with vertical walls mounted on a circular concrete pad or directly on the ground.

Corrosion

Electrochemical reactions between metal surfaces and fluids that result in the gradual wearing away of metal.

Cryogenic tank

has been designed to store liquids below -100 degrees F (-73.33 degrees C)

Datum Plate

a reference point on the bottom of a tank used to measure liquid level.

Dike

a containment wall or ditch that extends around a tank to prevent product loss.

Flanges

used to connect piping to equipment or where piping may need to be disconnected; consists of two mating plates fastened with bolts to compress a gasket between them.

Flat face flanges

generally used to mate against cast equipment, where bending from tightening bolts may break the flange; gasket should cover the entire face of the flange.

Floating roof tank

has an open top and a pan like structure that floats on top of the liquid and moves up and down inside the tank with each change in liquid level.

Gauge Hatch

a door in the roof of an atmospheric tank that enables the contents to be measured and that provides some emergency pressure relief.

Grounding

is described as a procedure designed to connect an object to the earth with a copper wire and a grounding rod.

Hemispheroid Tank

has a rounded or dome-shaped top and vertical walls mounted on the ground or a concrete pad.

Jacketed Tank

Two concentric ( one inside the other) pipes used when the conveyed fluid must be kept hot. In jacketed piping, the fluid is conveyed through the inner pipe and a heating medium is conveyed through the jacket.

Gutted piping

Two concentric ( one inside the other) pipes used when the conveyed fluid must be kept hot. In gutted piping, the fluid is conveyed through the outer pipe and a heating medium is conveyed inside the inner most pipe.

Jacked Tank

an insulated system designed to hold in heat or cold.

Manway

a hatch or port used to provide open access into a tank.

Pig

a cylindrical device used to clean out pipes. Most pigs utilize a pig launcher to propel it through the line and into a pig trap.

Pipe size

the nominal (named) size of a pipe; usually to the outside to the inside diameters of the pipe but identical to neither. The outside diameter of a certain size pipe is constant. The inside diameter will change with the pipe wall thickness (schedule).

Pipe thickness

the thickness of a pipe wall, designated by a schedule number. Schedules 10 (thin walled), 40, 80, and 160 (heavy walled) are common. The schedule indicates a specific wall thickness for one pipe size only; a 3" schedule 40 pipe will have a different thic

Radiographic inspection

use of x-rays to locate defects in metals in much the same manner as an x-ray is taken of a broken bone.

Raised face flange

uses a gasket that fits inside the bolts.

Ring joint flange

uses only a metal ring for gasketing.

Slop Tank

or off-spec tank is used to store product that does not meet customer expectations.

Socket-welded piping

type of piping in which the pipe is inserted into a larger fitting before being welded to another part.

Sphere

A circular shaped tank with legs designed to contain high-pressure liquids or gases.

Spheroid

a circular tank with a flat bottom resting on a concrete pad or ground.

Stress-corrosion cracking

a mechanical-chemical type of deterioration associated with steel.

Tank farm

a collection of tanks used to store and transport raw materials and products.

Traced piping

used when the conveyed fluid must be kept hot.; usually has a copper tubing containing steam or hot oil.

Vessel Design Sheets

identifies the factors entering into the selection, use, and need for periodic inspection of materials used to make vessels.