angioplasty
surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
arteries
large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
capillaries
microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
congenital
pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
metabolism
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
myocardium
middle layer of the walls of heart that is composed of cardiac muscle
veins
vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
cardiology
medical specialty that focuses on medical, surgical, and therapeutic treatments of heart diseases
cardiologist
the pediatric cardiologist who specializes in treating infants, children, and adolescents
angioplasty
coronary artery bypass
cardiovascular system
composed of the heart, which is essentially a muscular pump and an extensive network of blood vessels. the main purpose is to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and other essential substances to body cells and remove wast products of cellular metabolism
systole
a contraction
diastole
the resting period between contractions when the heart fills with blood
aneurysm/o
widening, widened blood vessel
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
fatty plaque
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o or coron/o
heart
phleb/o or ven/o
vein
thromb/o
blood clot
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
vascul/o
vessel
ventricul/o
ventricle (of the heart or brain)
#NAME?
heart condition
#NAME?
record, writing
#NAME?
instrument for recording
#NAME?
process of recording
#NAME?
narrowing, stricture
brady-
slow
endo-
in, within
epi-
above, upon
peri-
around
artheroma
tumor of fatty plaque
atherosclerosis
hardening of fatty plaque
phlepitis
inflammation of a vein
phlebothrombosis
abnormal condition of a blood clot in a vein
venous
pertaining to a vein
venouspasm
sapsm of a vein
electrocardiograph
instrument for recording the electrical activity of the heart
cardiomegaly
enlargemnt of the heart
angiopathy
disease of blood vessels
angloma
tumor of a vessel
aortostenosis
narrowing of the aorta
tachycardia
rapid heart rate
bradycardia
slow heart rate
aneurysm
localized dilation of a blood vessel walldue to a congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall
angina pectoris
mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
arrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia
fibrillation
irregular, rando contraction of heart fibers that commonly occurs in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
arteriosclerosis
thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
artherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation cause by turbulent blood flow
embolus
mass of undissolved matter that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
heart block
desease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of the heart muscle
first-degree heart block
atrioventricular block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
second-degree heart block
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conduct4ed to the ventricles
third-degree heart block
AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block
heart failure
condition in whcih the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure
hypertension
consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately, the heart
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow
mitral valve prolapse
structural abnormality in which the mitral valve does not close completely, resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
murmur
abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chamber of the heart
myocardial infarction
necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
raynaud disease
severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called raynaud phenomenon
rheumatic heart disease
streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
stroke
damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called verebrovascular accident
thrombus
a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot
deep vein thrombosis
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins
transient ischemic attack
blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke
cardiac catheterization
insertion of a small tube through an inciscion into a large vein, usually of an arm or leg that is then threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart
cardiac enzyme studies
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
echocardiography
ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
electrocardiography
creation and study of graphic recordings produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscles; also called cardiography
holter monitor
monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities
stress test
electrocardiography taken under controlled exercise stress condition while measuring oxygen consumption
nuclear stress test
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
troponin I
blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle and is a highly sensitive specific indicatory of recent myocardial infarction
angioplasty
surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restory blood flow in the artery
coronary artery bypass graft
angioplasty in which peripheral vens are removed and each end of the vein is sutured onto the conronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allwing sufficient blood flow to deliever oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
cardioversion
restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest using a device called a defibrillator; also called defibrillation
defibrillator
device used to administer a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm
(automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) AICD
surgically implanted electrical device that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator
(automatic external defibrillator) AED
Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
carotid endarterectomy
removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke
(endovenous laser therapy) EVLT
treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein. treatment for varicose veins.
valvuloplasty
insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty
anticoagulants
prevent the clotting or coagulation of blood
beta blockers
slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, thereby lowering blood pressure
nitrates
relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure
statins
reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol
thrombolytics
dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis
(coronary artery disease) CAD
a condition that involves narrowing of the coronary arteries resulting in failure of the arteries to deliver an adequate supply of exygenated blood to the heart muscle
varicose veins
swollen, distended veins most commonly seen in the lower legs
fibrillation
means irregular, random contraction of heart fibers
thrombolytics
are drugs used to dissolve a blod clot
embolus
is a mass of undissolved matter that travesl through the blood stream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
HF
is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues
DVT
refers to formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body
HTN
refers to blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal
arrhythmia
is irregularity or loss of heart rhythm
statin
is an agent that reduces cholesterol levels in the blood and blocks production of cholesterol in the liver
bruit
is a soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow
stroke
refers to partial brain damage due to interruption of its blood supply, commonly caused by blockage of an artery
rheumatic heart disease
is a streptococcal infection that causes damage to heart valves and heart muscle
holter monitor
is a device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings, usually for 24 hours, on a portable tape
raynaud disease
is numbness in fingers or toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin
endarterectomy
is the excision of the lining of an artery
apnea
suspension of external breathing
desiccated
dried up
dyspnea
shortness of breath
EKG
electrocardiogram
fibrillation
rapid, irregular contraction of muscle fibers
malaise
feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, first indiccation of disease or infection
myocardial infarction
heart attack, interrupted blood supply to heart
ST segment-T wave
waves in electrocardiogram
syncope
fainting
tachycardia
fast heart rhythm
thyroidectomy
surgical removal of all a prat of thyroid gland
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
postoperatively
occurring after an operation
anxiety
feeling of apprechension, worry, uneasiness, or dread
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
syncope
fainting
desiccated
dried up
tricuspid
the valve that contains three leaflets is the...
arteriostenosis
disorder characterized by thickening and calcification of arterial wals is...
cardiomegaly
a patient with an enlarged heart suffers from...
phlebitis
the diagnosis of inflammation of a vein is charted as...
nitrate
a drug that treats chest pain associated with angina is called a...
ischemia
decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ is called
aneurysm
a widened, stretched out portion of a blood vessel that forms a bulge is called an...
MI
when heart tissue dies as a result of lack of oxygen, the patient has suffered a...