CDC Precautions
Describes recommended methods of achieving all of the goals of infection control
Pathogen
A disease producing agent
Infection
Successful invasion of a pathogen in the tissue of a host
Morbidity
The total number of cases of a disease in a specific population
Mortality
Death rate
Normal flora
Good bacteria. Micro organisms which normally live on top of the human body
Acute illness
Short and severe. Flu. Cold
Subacute illness
Moderately severe. Typhoid fever.
Chronic illness
Long and lasting. HIV. TB.
Bacteria
Lives in tissue of host. Single celled.
Coccus or cocci
Sphere cells
Rods
Cylindrical cells. Tetanus bacteria.
Sprilla or spirochetes
Spindle shaped cells. Syphilis.
Viruses
Smallest. Lives in the hosts cells. Difficult to treat. Hiv.
Fungi
Could be single celled or multi cellular. Athletes
Athletes foot
Fungi
Ring worm
Fungi
HIV
Virus
Round worm
Parasite
Tape worm
Parasite
Parasite
Love and thrive on host
Rickettsiae
Intra cellular parasitic non motile bacteria. Can be treated with antibiotics.
Mad cow disease
Prions
Prions
Non living pathogenic agents
Lyme disease
Rickettsiae
Chain of infection 1-
Infectious agent
Chain of infection 2
Reservoir
Chain of infection 3
Portal of exit
Chain of infection 4
Means of transportation
Chain of infection 5
Portal of entry
Chain of infection 6
Susceptible host
Infectious agent
Bacteria. Fungi. Virus. Ect
Reservoir
People. Equipment. Food. Animals. Insects.
Portal of exit
Methods by which infectious agent leaves body. oral. Wounds. Nasal cavity.
Means of transmission
Direct contact. Ingestion. Airborne. Blood.
Portal of entry
How microorganism enters host.
Susceptible host
Depends on age. Health. Immune status.
Immune system and immunity includes
Lymph nodes. Spleen. Tonsils.Blood. antibodies.white blood cells
Cell mediated immunity
T cells. Produced against bacteria and virus.
Humoral
B cells. Produce memory cells.
Natural acquired active immunity
Results from an active illness
Artificial active immunity
Through vaccines
Natural congenital passive immunity
Mother to child
Artificial passive immunity
Through ready made anti bodies
Incubation period
Time between exposure to a pathogen and the appearance of first symptoms.
Prodromal stage
Vague symptoms. Too early to diagnose.
Acute stage
Disease process reaches its peak level and symptoms are fully developed. Diagnosis.
Declining stage
Symptoms gradually begin to decrease.
Convalescent stage
The stage of recovery.
Disinfectant
Chemicals that control the growth of bacteria on inanimate objects. Kills pathogens excerpts for spores. Does not sterlize
Antiseptic
Those applied to human tissue
Universal precautions
Issued by CDC to minimize the risk of infection to health care providers
Standard precautions
Reduce risk of transmission of an infection
Medical asepsis
Destruction of microorganism after they leave the body.
Medical hand washing
Most important.
Sanitation
Physically scrubbing and cleaning to contaminated debris.
Surgical asepsis
To prevent organism from entering the body during a procedure.
Gas sterilisation
Performed in large gas oven.
Dry heat.
High temperatures. Longer exposure
Chemical sterilization
Articles immersed in chemical for a long time.used if too sensitive for autoclave.
Steam auto clave
Most widely used. Looks like a micro wave oven.
Excretions and secretions describes
Portal of exit
Rickettsiae includes what
Typhus. Rocky mountain spotted fever.
Stage of infectious disease shows improvement levels
Declining shows....
Heavy gloves
Should be worn while sanitizing intruments
Standard precautions
Control guidelines that should be used by all health care professionals.
Acute viral hepatitis effects
Effects the liver
Not considered standard protective equipment
Shoe cover.
OSHA
Ensure safety in work place.
Wearing gloves would break..
Mode of transmission
How to inhibit bacterial growth
Keep surfaces dry
What's not a effect of inflammation
Forming antigens is not a effect
Antibodies are also called
Immunoglobulin
Nosecomial
Infections acquired from health care providers
Vector
Diseases that are spread by animal or insects
Appropriate action of handling blood containers
Label with orange red biohazard labels
Insects
Vector
Antigen anti body reaction is also known as
Resistance
Relieve symptoms
Palyative treatment
Formite
Transferred from objects
Droplet
Respiratory droplets. Coughing. Sneezing.
Body way of responding to invasion of pathogen
Inflammatory response
Pus filled boils. Pimples. Rashes symptoms of
MRSA
Methods of disinfectant
Boiling
Influenza is transmitted by what route
Droplet
Antibodies are also known as
Immunoglobilins
Wearing gloves would break..
Mode of transmission
How to inhibit bacterial growth
Keep surfaces dry
What's not a effect of inflammation
Forming antigens is not a effect
Antibodies are also called
Immunoglobulin
Nosecomial
Infections acquired from health care providers
Vector
Diseases that are spread by animal or insects
Appropriate action of handling blood containers
Label with orange red biohazard labels
Insects
Vector
Antigen anti body reaction is also known as
Resistance
Relieve symptoms
Palyative treatment
Formite
Transferred from objects
Droplet
Respiratory droplets. Coughing. Sneezing.
Body way of responding to invasion of pathogen
Inflammatory response
Pus filled boils. Pimples. Rashes symptoms of
MRSA
Methods of disinfectant
Boiling
Influenza is transmitted by what route
Droplet
Antibodies are also known as
Immunoglobilins