azot/o
Nitrogen (CF)
cali/o, calic/o
calix; calyx (CF)
cyst/o
urinary bladder, sac of fluid, cyst (CF)
glomerul/o
glomerulus (CF)
hydr/o
water, fluid (CF)
lith/o
stone, calculus (CF)
meat/o
meatus (opening) (CF)
nephr/o, ren/o
kidneys (CF)
noct/i, nyct/o
night (CF)
Olig/o
scanty, few (CF)
prostat/o
prostate (CF)
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney (CF)
ur/o
urine, urinary tract (CF)
ureter/o
ureters (CF)
urethr/o
urethra (CF)
urin/o
urine, urinary organs (CF)
vesic/o
bladder (CF)
-alysis
a study of the parts (suffix)
-ectasis
stretching, dilation, enlargement (suffix)
-iasis
formation, presence of (suffix)
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening (suffix)
-ptosis
prolapse, sag, droop, falling downward (suffix)
-pexy
surgical fixation (suffix)
-tripsy
to crush (suffix)
-uresis
urination (suffix)
-uria
urination, urine (suffix)
ablation
the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function
acute renal failure
kidney failure with sudden onset and is characterized by uremia
anuria,
an-/-uria
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
azotemia
elevation of the blood urea nitrogen caused by a lack of blood flow to each kidney
benign prostatic hyperplasia
enlargement of the prostate gland
chronic kidney disease
the progressive loss of renal function over months or years
cystalgia,
cyst/-algia
pain in the urinary bladder
cystectomy,
cyst/-ectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
cystitis,
cyst/-itis
inflammation of the bladder
cystocele,
cyst/o/-cele
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a prolapsed bladder
cystography,
cyst/o/-graphy
a radiographic, or x-ray, examination of the bladder after a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter
cystolith,
cyst/o/-lith
a stone located within the urinary bladder
cystopexy,
cyst/o/-pexy
the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
cystorrhaphy,
cyst/o/-rrhaphy
surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder
cystoscopy,
cyst/o/-scopy
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
cystostomy,
cyst/-ostomy
the creation of an artificial opening between the urinary bladder and the exterior of the body
dialysis,
dia-/-lysis
a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function
diuresis,
di-/-uresis,
through/urination
increased output of urine
diuretics
medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to rid the body of excess water and salt
dysuria,
dys-/-uria,
painful/urination
difficult or painful urination
edema
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues
end-stage renal disease
The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.
enuresis,
en-/-uresis,
into/urination
involuntary discharge of urine
epispadias
A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening. Male, the opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. Female, the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL),
(Extracorporeal means situated or occurring outside the body)
lith/o/-tripsy,
stone/to crush
The use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine.
glomerulus
the portion of a nephron that is active in filtering urine. consists of a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule
glomerulonephritis,
glomerul/o/nephr/-itis
A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.
hemodialysis,
hem/o/dia/-lysis,
blood/complete or through/separation
A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys.
hydronephrosis,
hydr/o/nephr/-osis
the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine
hydroureter,
hydr/o/-ureter,
water/ureter
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
hyperproteinuria,
hyper-/protein/-uria
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hypoproteinemia,
hypo-/protein/-emia
the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypospadias
A congenital abnormality in the placement of the urethral opening. Male, the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis. Female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.
ileal conduit,
ile/-al
use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen
incontinence
inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces
interstitial cystitis
a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
intravenous pyelography,
pyel/o/-graphy
A radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters using a contrast medium to diagnose changes in the urinary tract.
Kegal exercises
a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor
KUB (kidneys, ureter, bladder)
a radiographic study of the kidneys, ureter & bladder without the use of a contrast medium; used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths
lithotomy,
lith/-otomy,
stone/surgical incision
a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder
meatotomy,
meat/-otomy,
meatus/surgical incision
a surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening
nephritis,
nephr/-itis
an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
nephrolith,
nephr/o/-lith,
kidney/stone
a stone located in the kidney; aka renal calculus or a kidney stone
nephrolithiasis,
nephr/o/-lithiasis
presence of a stone or stones in the kidney
nephrologist,
nephr/-ologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
nephrolysis,
nephr/o/-lysis,
kidney/setting free
the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrons
The microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
nephropathy,
nephr/o/-pathy
Any kidney disease including degenerative and inflammatory conditions.
nephropexy,
nephr/o/-pexy
surgical fixation of a nephroptosis (floating kidney). aka nephrorrhaphy
nephroptosis,
nephr/o/-ptosis,
kidney/drooping down
prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands; also known as a floating kidney
nephropyosis,
nephr/o/py/-osis
suppuration of the kidney
nephrosclerosis,
nephr/o/-sclerosis
abnormal hardening of the kidney
nephrotomy,
nephr/-otomy
surgical incision into the kidney
nephrostomy,
nephr/-ostomy
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
nephrotic syndrome,
nephr/o/-tic
A groups of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low levels of protein in the blood.
neurogenic bladder,
neur/o/-genic
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
nocturia,
noct/-uria
frequent and excessive urination during the night
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep; bedwetting
oliguria,
olig/-uria,
scanty/urination
scanty urination
overactive bladder
occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not actually full enough to indicate the need to urinate
percutaneous nephrolithotomy,
nephr/o/lith/-otomy,
kidney/stone/surgical incision
the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
polycystic kidney disease,
poly-/cyst/-ic
An inherited kidney disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys leading eventually to kidney failure.
prostate cancer
malignancy of the prostate gland
polyuria,
poly-/-uria
excessive urination
prostate gland
lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra
prostate-specific antigen blood test (PSA)
test used to screen for prostate cancer; measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen that is present in a blood specimen
prostatectomy,
prostat/-ectomy
surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
prostatism,
prostat/-ism
a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostatitis,
prostat/-itis
a group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of the prostate gland
pyelonephritis,
pyel/o/nephr/-itis
inflammation of both the renal pelvis and the kidney
pyelotomy,
pyel/-otomy,
renal pelvis/surgical incision
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
renal cortex
outer region of the kidney
renal colic
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone
renal,
ren/-al
pertaining to the kidneys
renal pelvis
funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
retrograde urography,
ur/o/-graphy
radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract
stress incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)
the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
suprapubic catheterization
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
urea
the major waste product of protein metabolism
uremia,
ur/-emia
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which urea and other waste products are retained in the blood; also known as uremic poisoning.
ureterectasis,
ureter/-ectasis,
ureter/enlargement
the distention of a ureter
ureterectomy,
ureter/-ectomy
the surgical removal of a ureter
ureterolith,
ureter/o/-lith
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterorrhagia,
ureter/o/-rrhagia,
ureter/bleeding
the discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhaphy,
ureter/o/-rrhaphy
the surgical suturing of a ureter
ureteroscopy,
ureter/o/-scopy
treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter using a ureteroscope; inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter.
ureters
The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
urethra
tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body; carries both urine and semen in the male
urethral meatus
the opening through which urine leaves the body
urethritis,
urethr/-itis
inflammation of the urethra
urethroplasty,
urethr/o/-plasty
the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra
urethrorrhagia,
urethr/o/-rrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhea
urethr/o/-rrhea
abnormal discharge from the urethra
urethrostenosis,
urethr/o/-stenosis
narrowing of the urethra
urethrotomy,
urethr/-otomy
a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
urinalysis,
urin/-alysis
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinary catheterization
insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes, to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate, or to place medication into the bladder.
urologist,
ur/-ologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
vesicovaginal fistula,
vesic/o/vagin/-al,
bladder/vagina/pertaining to
abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
vesicoureteral reflux,
vesic/o/ureter/-al,
bladder/ureter/pertaining to
backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder
voiding cystourethrography,
cyst/o/urethr/o/-graphy,
bladder/urethra/the process of producing a picture or record
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
Wilms tumor
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children