accommodation:
normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. The ciliary body adjusts the lens and the pupil constricts. When the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates.
aqueous humor:
fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber. A humor is any body fluid, including blood and lymph
cone:
photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision
cornea:
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
iris:
pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye. The central opening of the iris is the pupil
lens:
transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends light rays to bring them into focus on the retina
optic nerve:
cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain
pupil:
central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. It appears dark.
refraction:
bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.
retina:
light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
rod:
photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision
sclera:
tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
thalamus:
relay center of the brain. optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex
vitreous humor:
soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
aque:
water
blephar:
eyelid
cor:
pupil
dacry:
tears
kerat:
cornea
lacrim:
tears
ocul:
eye
opthalm:
eye
scler:
sclera (white of the eye)
dipl:
double
mi:
smaller, less
mydr:
widen, enlarge
phot:
light
opia:
vision
hyperopia:
farsightedness
myopia:
nearsightedness
presbyopia:
impairment of vision as a result of old age
cataract:
clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
glaucoma:
increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
ptosis:
drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma
strabismus:
abnormal deviation of the eye
OD:
right eye
OS:
left eye
OU:
both eyes
PERRLA:
pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
auricle:
flap of ear, the protruding part of the external ear or pinna
cerumen:
waxy substance secreted by the external ear, also called earwax
cochlea:
snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear, contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
eustachian tube:
auditory tube
incus:
second ossicle of the middle ear
labyrinth:
maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. this includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
ossicle:
small bone of the ear, includes the malleus, incus, and stapes
semicircular canals:
passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
stapes:
third ossicle of the middle ear, also called stirrup
tympanic membrane:
membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called eardrum
acous:
hearing
audi:
hearing
myring:
eardrum
ot:
ear
salping:
eustachian tube
acusis:
hearing
otitis media:
inflammation of the middle ear
tinnitus:
sensation of nosies in the ears
vertigo:
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either or oneself or of external objects
AD:
right ear
AS:
left ear