basophil:
leukocyte with dark staining blue granules; releases histmine and heparin
eosinophil:
leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acidic dye; allergic reactions
erythrocyte:
red blood cell
hematopoietic stem cell:
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells
lymphocyte:
white blood cells
monocyte:
mononuclear white blood cell formed in lymph tissue
neutrophil:
leukocyte formed in the bone marrow; granules do not stain intensely and have a pale color
platelet:
thrombocyte or cell fragment that helps blood clot
coagulation:
blood clotting
granulocyte:
white blood cell with dense, dark staining granules
mononuclear:
pertaining to one nucleus and lymphocytes are mononuclear
polymorphonuclear:
pertaining to a many shaped nucleus
globulins:
plasma proteins in blood
erythroblast:
immature red blood cell
megakaryocyte:
forerunner of platelets
macrophage:
large phagocytes formed from monocytes and found in tissues; the destroy worn-out red blood cells and engulf foreign material
hemoglobin:
blood protein found in red blood cells, enables the erythrocyte to carry oxygen
plasma:
liguid portion of blood
reticulocyte:
immature, developing red blood cell with a network of granules in its cytoplasm
myeloblast:
immature bone marrow cell that is the forerunner of granulocytes
bilirubin:
orange-yellow pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
heme:
iron-containing nonprotein part of hemoglobin
globulins:
proteins in plasma; seperated into alpha, beta, and gamma types
erythropoietin:
hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells
antigen:
foreign material that stimulates the production of an antibody
albumin:
plasm protein that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
antibodies:
proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood
Rh factor:
an antigen normally found on red blood cells of Rh- positive individuals
four types of plasma protein:
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin
type A blood:
has A antigens and anti B antigens in the blood
type B blood:
has B antigens and anti A antigens in the blood
type O blood:
has no A or B antigens and anti A and anti B antigens in the blood
type AB blood:
has A and B antigens and no anti A and no anti B antigens in the blood
electrophoresis:
a method of seperating substances by electrical charge
immunoglobulin:
gamma globulin that contains antibodies
differentiation:
change in the structure and function of a cell as it matures
plasmapheresis:
process of using a centrifuge to seperate or remove blood cells from plasma
fibrin:
protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
fibrinogen:
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
heparin:
anticoagulant substance found in liver cells, bloodstream and tissues
prothrombin:
plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process
serum:
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
thrombin:
enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin
anticoagulant:
a substance that prevents clotting
leukocytopenia:
deficiency of white blood cells
morphology:
study of the shape of form of cells
myelopoiesis:
formation of bone marrow cells
thrombolytic:
pertaining to destruction of clots
antiglobulin test:
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
autologous transfusion:
blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient
bleeding time:
time required for blood to stop flowing from a small puncture wound
bone marrow biopsy:
microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
coagulation time:
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
erythrocyte sedimentation rate:
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
hematocrit:
percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation:
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are infused into a recipients vein to repopulate the bone marrow
platelet count:
determines the number of clotting cells per microliter of blood
red blood cell count:
number of erythrocytes per microliter of blood
red blood cell morphology:
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
white blood cell differential:
percentage of the total WBCs made up by different types of white blood cells
bas-
base
chrom-
color
coagul-
clotting
cyt-
cell
eosin-
red, dawn
erythr-
red
granul-
granules
hemat-
blood
is-
same, equal
kary-
nucleus
leuk-
white
mon-
one, single
morph-
shape, form
myel-
bone marrow
neutr-
neutral
nucle-
nucleus
phag-
eat, swallow
poikil-
varied, irregular
sider-
iron
spher-
globe, round
thromb-
clot
-apheresis:
removal
-blast:
immature cell
-cytosis:
abnormal condition of cells
-emia:
blood condition
-globin:
protein
-lytic:
pertaining to destruction
-oid:
derived from
-osis:
abnormal condition
-penia:
deficiency
-philia:
attraction for increase in cell numbers
-phoresis:
carrying, transmission
-poiesis:
formation
-stasis:
stop, control
anemia:
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
hemophilia:
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors neccessary for blood clotting
purpura:
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
leukemia:
increase in cancerous white blood cells
RBC:
red blood cell
WBC:
white blood cell
WNL:
within normal limits
petechiae:
tiny purple or red flat spot appearing on skin
ecchymoses:
larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)