AZOTURIA
Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine.
DIURESIS
Increased formation and secretion of urine.
DYSURIA
Painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of cystitis and other urinary tract conditions.
END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD)
Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood.
ENURESIS
Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established;
HYPOSPADIAS
Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis.
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Condition associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent
RENAL HYPERTENSION
High blood pressure that results from kidney disease.
UREMIA
Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, as occurs in renal failure; also called azotemia.
WILMS TUMOR
Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5.
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN)
Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys' ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine.
KIDNEY, URETER, BLADDER (KUB)
Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
PYELOGRAPHY
Radiographic study of the kidney, ureters, and usually the bladder after an injection of a contrast agent.
INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAPHY (IVP)
Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract.
RETROGRADE PYELOGRAPHY (RP)
Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters using small-caliber catheters.
RENAL SCAN
Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates in the kidney.
URINALYSIS
Physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine.
VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY
Radiography of the bladder and urethra after filling the bladder with a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine.
CATHETERIZATION
Insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid
DIALYSIS
Mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly.
HEMODIALYSIS
Process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patient's blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Dialysis in which the patient's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end- stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation.