CHP.12 Pathology

ausculatation

Listening to sounds within the body

percussion

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

pleural rub

Scratchy sound produced by pleural rubbing against each other

rales (crackles)

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.

rhochi (singular: rhonchus)

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstucted by sputum

sputum

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.

stridor

Strained, high pitched sound heard in inspiration causef by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Wheezes

continuous high oitched whistling sounds produced during breating

croup

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking couch, and stridor.(*upper respiratory disorder)

diphteria

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium(*upper respiratory disorder)(corynebacterium)

epistaxis

Nosebleed(*upper respiratory disorder)

Pertussis

whooping couch; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis(*upper respiratory disorder)

asthma

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and construction and increased mucus production (*Bronchial Disorders)

bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection(*Bronchial Disorders)

chronic bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)(*Bronchial Disorders)

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in a thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.(*Bronchial Disorders)

atelectasis

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli (*Lung Disorders)

emphysema

Hyperinflation of airsacs with desctruction of alveolar walls (*Lung Disorders)

lung cancer

Malignant tumor rising from the lungs and brochi (*Lung Disorders)

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis (*Lung Disorders)

pnemonia

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction (*Lung Disorders)

pulmonary abscess

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs. (*Lung Disorders)

Pulmonaty embolism (PE)

clot or other material lodges in the vessels of the lung( *Lung Disorders)

pulmonary fibrosis

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs (*Lung Disorders)

scarcoidosis

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

tuberulosis (TB)

Infectiouous disease caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may br affected.(*Lung Disorders)

mesothelioma

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura (*Pleural Disorders)

pleural effusion

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)(*Pleural Disorders)

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Inflammation of the pleura.(*Pleural Disorders)

pneumothorax

collection of air in the pleural space(*Pleural Disorders)