Healthcare Terminology - Chapter 7, Urinary System (all terms from book)

urology

the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system

urologist

one who specializes in the study of urinary system and the male reproductive system

nephrologist

specializing in the diagnosis and management of kidney disease

nephrology

study of kidney disease

homeostasis

metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes

reabsorption

essential substances being reabsorbed into the blood stream

cyst/o

bladder

vesic/o

bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

opening, meatus

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ur/o, urin/o

urine, urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

-emia

blood condition

-pexy

fixation

-iasis

abnormal condition caused by something specific

-pathy

disease

-ptosis

prolapse, downward placement

-uria

urine

-tripsy

crushing

uremia

excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood

vesicocele

hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder

nephroma

tumor of the kidney

renal

pertaining to the kidney

pyelolasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

urinary

pertaining to urine or formation of urine, also refers to urinary tract

ureterostenosis

narrowing or stricture of a ureter

urethrocele

hernial protrusion of the urethra

lithiasis

abnormal condition of stones or calculi

calculi

single form of calculus

azotemia

excessive amt of nitrogenous compounds in the blood

dialysis

process of removing toxic waste from the blood when kidneys are unable to do so

nephropathy

kidney disease

nephropexy

surgical procedure to affix a displaced kidney

nephroptosis

downward placement of or a dropped kidney

polyuria

excessive urination

renal cortex

outer layer of kidney

renal medulla

inner region of kidney

blood enters the kidneys through the...

renal artery

blood leaves the kidneys through the...

renal vein

arterioles

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

nephron

any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney, microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each capable of forming urine

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney

hyper tension

high blood pressure

renal hyper tension

high blood pressure due to kidney disease

protein uria

chronic loss of protein in the urine

diuretic

agents or drugs that stimulate the flow of urine, used to control edema

nephroptosis

prolapsed kidney

ureters

transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

ureterectasis

dilation of the ureter

ureterolithiasis

abnormal condition (produced by something specific) of a ureter(al) stone

ureterolithotomy

incision of a ureter to remove a stone

ureterocystoscope

a special instrument for examining the ureter and bladder

ureterdynia, ureteralgia

ureter pain

vesicoenteric

pertaining to the bladder and intestines

radi/o

radiation, x-ray, radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

UTI

urinary tract infection

lumen

tubular space within a structure

urethrocystitis

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

malignant

cancerous

benign

noncancerous

adenodynia

pain in a gland

aden/o

gland

glomerulus, glomeruli

a tiny ball of coiled, intertwined capillaries and a collecting tubule

collecting tubule

conveys newly formed urine to the renal pelvis where it is excreted by the kidneys

Bowman capsule

the capsule that surrounds the glomerulus

olig/o

scant, diminished

oliguria

diminished capacity to pass urine

KUB

kidney, ureter, bladder

IVP

intravenouspyelography; in which a contrast medium is injected within a vein

intravenous

within a vein

-gram

record

retrograde pyelography (RP)

pyelography in which a contrast medium is injected into the urethra

hydronephrosis

when calculi obstruction causes cessation of urine flow

pyuria

pus in the urine, excessive number of white blood cells in urine

hematuria

blood in urine

oliguria

scanty urination

polyuria

excessive urination

uremia

increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood

azoturia

increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood

nocturia

urination at night

incontinence

uncontrolled loss of urine

continence

the ability to control defecation and urination

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

ARF

acute renal failure - any condition that impairs blood flow to the kidneys may result in ARF

BNO

bladder neck obstruction

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

CRF

chronic renal failure

cysto

cystoscopy

DRE

digital rectal examination

ED

erectile disfunction, emergency department

ESRD

end-stage renal disease

EU

excretory urography

IVU

intravenous urogram, intravenous urography

PKD

polycystic kidney disease

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

RP

retrograde pyelography

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate

UA

urinalysis

VCUG

voiding cystourethrogram, voiding cysturethrography

diuresis

increased formation and secretion of urine

dysuria

painful or difficult urination

enuresis

invol control of urination after age at which bladder control should be established

hyopspadias

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

interstitial nephritis

pathological changes to the interstitial tissue of the kidney that may be primary or due to a toxic agent

Wilms tumor

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, primarily before the age of 5

catheterization

insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid

voiding cystourethrography

radiography of bladder & urethra after filling bladder with a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine

dialysis

mechanical filtering process to clean blood when the kidneys are unable to do so

hemodialysis

process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting/diverting the patients blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering

peritoneal dialysis

dialysis in which the patient's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane

renal transplantation

kidney transplant

asymptomatic

having no symptoms of illness or disease

auscultation

listening to sounds within the body

basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

benign prostate hypertrophy

Abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men between 50-70; more frequent urination, difficult to stop or maintain urine flow. Pain during urination.

bruits

abnormal swishing sounds heard over organs, glands or arteries

colectomy

excision of the colon

distended

abnormally distended especially by fluids or gas

dysuria

painful or difficult urination

frequency

the number of observations in a given statistical category

hydrocele

disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)

impotence

inability of an adult male to achieve an erection

inguinal hernia

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

normocephalic

a medical term referring to a person whose head and all major organs of the head are in a normal condition and without significant abnormalities.

palpable

can be felt by palpation

pneumothorax

abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung

transurethral

pertaining to through the urethra