acetabulum
large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur
acromion
scapular region to which the clavicle connects
articular cartilage
Covers the ends of long bones
calcaneal
pertaining to the calcaneus
calcaneus
heel bone
calcium
A mineral that is essential for bone growth, teeth development, blood coagulation, and many other functions
cancellous bone
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
carpals
wrist bones
cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
cervical vertebrae
first set of seven bones, forming the neck
chondrocostal
pertaining to cartilage that is attached to the ribs
clavicle
collarbone
coccyx
tail bone
collagen
Fibrous tissue that adds strength to other tissues; gelatin, capsule around muscles
Colles fracture
a type of wrist fracture; the fracture is at the lower end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward
comminuted fracture
fracture lines are multiple and the bone is splintered and crushed
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
condyle
rounded articular projection
cranial bone
skull bones, ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal
craniotome
instrument to cut the skull (cranium)
craniotomy
incision of the skull
crepitus
A grating sensation caused by fractured bone fragments rubbing against each other
decalcification
the process of calcium being removed from the bones
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
epiphysis
wide ends of a long bone
ethmoid bone
one of the eight bones of the cranium, a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
Ewing sarcoma
Malignant bone tumor
exostosis
abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone
facial bone
bones of the head that have no direct contact with the brain or meninges
femoral
pertaining to the femur
femur
the longest and thickest bone, upper leg bone
fibula
outer and smaller bone of the lower leg
fibular
Pertaining to the fibula
fissure
a long narrow depression in a surface
fontanelle
soft spot between the skull bones of an infant
foramen
a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure
fossa
shallow depression
frontal bone
bone that forms the forehead
haversian canals
tubes running through compact bone; contain blood vessels and nerves
humeral
pertaining to the humerus
humerus
upper arm bone
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
iliac
Pertaining to the ilium
ilium
upper part of pelvic bone
impacted fracture
one end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other
ischial
pertaining to the ischium
ischium
posterior part of the pelvic bone
kyphosis
exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback)
lacrimal bone
small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
lamina
part of the vertebral arch
laminectomy
surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
lordosis
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)
lumbar vertebrae
bones of lower back
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar regions (loin) and the sacrum
malleolar
pertaining to a malleolus
malleous
the tiny middle ear bone shaped like a hammer.
mandible
lower jaw bone
mandibular
pertaining to the mandible
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum
mastoid process
part of the temporal bone that attaches to some of the muscles of the neck
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
metacarpal
hand bone
metacarpectomy
Surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand
metaphysis
the flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate
metatarsalgia
pain of the metatarsals
metatarsals
foot bones distal to the tarsals
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow.
nasal bone
bridge of nose
occipital bone
the bone found at the back and base of the skull
olecranal
pertaining to the posterior aspect of the elbow
olecranon
Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow
orthopedics
branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal system and tissues related to movement
osseous tissue
Bone tissue
ossification
the calcification of soft tissue into a bonelike material
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
osteoblast
bone-forming cell
osteoclast
cell that breaks down bone tissue
osteodystrophy
poor formation of bone
osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bone disease; inherited disorder of connective tissues that affects primarily bone; synthesis of collagen impaired
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor arising from bone
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
osteomyelitis
infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation
osteopenia
low bone density
osteoporosis
a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily
osteotome
instrument to cut bone
parietal bone
either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
patella
kneecap
pelvimetry
obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery
periosteum
thin membrane that covers a bone
peroneal
pertaining to the fibula
phalangeal
pertaining to the phalanges
phlanges
fingers and toes
phosphorus
strong bones and teeth muscle contraction,stores energy
pubic symphsis
is the joint btwn the 2 hip bones, where the hips come together anteriorly
pubis
Smallest of the three bones. Forms much of the ventral floor of the pelvic canal. Has a hole in it called the obturator foramen which make it more light weight. two halves meet at the pelvic symphysis
radial
Lateral aspect of the forearm
red bone marrow
bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
reduction
the act of decreasing or reducing something
ribs
The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.
sacral vertebrae
5 vertebrae which are fused to form the sacrum in the pelvis
scapula
the shoulder blade
scapular
Pertaining to the shoulder blade
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
sella turcia
Marking on the Sphenoid Bone; it holds the pituitary gland of the brain
sinus
any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull
sphenoid bone
lies at the middle part of the base of the skull.
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
spondylosis
abnormal condition of the vertebra
sternum
breast bone
styloid process
Large distal projection on lateral side of radius
subcostal
pertaining to below the ribs
supraclavical
just above clavicle. Right behind sternocleidomastoid.
suture
an immovable joint (especially between the bones of the skull)
talipes
club foot
tarsals
hind foot bones
tarsectomy
Removal of ankle bones
temporal bones
bone on the side of the head near the ears
temporomandibular joint
the joint where the mandible meets the maxilla
thoracic vertebrae
second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine
tibia
shin bone
tibial
Pertaining to the tibia
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
trochanter
one of the bony prominences developed near the upper extremity of the femur to which muscles are attached
tubercle
small rounded projection
tuberosity
large rounded projection
ulna
bone of the lower arm (pinky side)
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna
vertebrae
backbone
vomer
forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
xiphoid process
lower, narrow portion of the sternum
yellow bone marrow
bone marrow that is yellow with fat
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
abduction
Movement away from the midline
achondroplasia
A form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele
adduction
movement toward the body
amyotropic lateral sclerosis
Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem and resulting in total body paralysis.
ankylosing spondylitis
a form of arthritis thats effects the spine and adjaciant structures
athrodesis
surgical fixation of a joint
arthrotomy
cutting into or incision of a joint
articular cartilage
Covers the ends of long bones
articulation
(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if the articulation allows motion)
atrophy
a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
bunion
swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
bursa
Sac filled w/synovial fluid (between the tendon and bone) over use leads to bursitis
bursitis
inflammation of bursa
carpal tunnel syndrome
a repetitive strain injury that occurs when stress is placed on the hands, wrists, or arms
chondroma
benign tumor of cartilage
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
dislocation
a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
dorsiflexion
bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
extension
amount or degree or range to which something extends
fascia
a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
fasciectomy
removal of fascia
fibromyalgia
fibrous muscle pain
flexion
act of bending a joint
ganglion
A mass of nerve cells
gouty arthritis
a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
hemathrosis
bleeding into the joints
hydroarthrosis
inflammation and swelling of a movable joint because of excess synovial fluid
hypertrophy
abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle
leiomyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
ligament
Connects bone to bone
ligamentous
pertaining to the ligament
Lyme disease
transmitted by ticks:involves knees and hips and forms bullseye rash
muscular dytrophy
group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles
myalgia
muscle pain
myopathy
disease of the muscle
myoitis
inflammation of the muscles
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the bones and joints
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
polyarthritis
Inflammation of more than one joint
polymyalgia
pain in several muscles
serum calcium
Measurement of calcium in serum.
serum creatine kinase
measurement of an enzyme (creatine kinase) in serum (three words)
uric acid test
Measurement of uric acid in serum; high levels are associated with gouty arthritis.