abscess
localized collection of pus
acetone
ketone
albuminuria
protein in the urine
antidiuretic hormone
hormone that stimulates water reabsorption by the distal and collecting kidney tubules
anuria
absence of urine production
arteriole
small artery
azotemia
nitrogenous wastes in blood
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
Bowman capsule
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus.
caliceal
pertaining to calix (collecting cup of renal pelvis)
caliectasis
dilation of the calyx
calyx
cup-like collectiong region of the renal pelvis
catheter
Tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex
outer layer of the kidney
cortical
pertaining to the cortex
creatinine
waste product of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
creatinine clearance test
Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
cystectomy
excision/removal of the bladder
cystitis
inflammation of urinary bladder
cystoscopy
direct visual examination of urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
cystostomy
creating an artificial opening into the bladder
diabetes insipidus
inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone
diabetes mellitus
inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin
diuresis
increased excretion of urine
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
edema
swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue
electrolyte
chemical element carrying an electrical charge when dissolved in water; sodium and potassium are examples
enuresia
bed-wetting
erythropoietin
a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
essential hypertension
Elevated blood pressure of unknown cause that develops for no apparent reason; sometimes called primary hypertension.
filtration
passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material
glomerular
Pertaining to a glomerulus.
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney glomerulus
glomerulus
tiny ball of capillaries in the cortex of the kideny
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
hematuria
blood in the urine
hemodialysis
dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream
hilum
depression or hollow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of water in the kidney
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of the renal interstitium - connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
ketonuria
excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine.
ketosis
abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies
kidney
one of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
lithotripsy
urinary tract stones are crushed and removed/pass from body in urine
meatal stenosis
Narrowing of the meatus.
meatotomy
incision of the meatus
meatus
opening or canal
medulla
inner region of the kidney
medullary
Pertaining to the medulla.
micturition
urination; the act of voiding
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones (renal calculi)
nephrolithotomy
incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
nephron
combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney.
nephropathy
disease of the kidney
nephroptosis
prolapse of the kidney
nephrosclerosis
hardening of the kidney
nephrostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
nephrotic syndrome
a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine
nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
nocturia
excessive urination at night
oliguria
scanty urination
paranephric
pertaining to near the kidney
peritoneal dialysis
peritoneal catheter introduces fluids into the peritoneal cavity.
perivesical
pertaining to surrounding the urinary bladder
phenylketonuria
substances that accumulate in the urine of infants born lacking the important enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
polycystic kidney disease
multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excessive urination
potassium
An electrolyte important to body processes. The kidney regulates the balance of potassium concentration within the blood
pyelogram
xray record of the renal pelvis
pyelolithotomy
surgical removal of a stone from the renal pelvis
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyuria
Pus in the urine
reabsorption
in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
renal angiography
x-ray examination (with contrast) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney
renal artery
blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
renal calculi
kidney stone
renal cell carcinoma
Cancer tumor of the kidney in adulthood
renal colic
spasm in an area near the kidney, accompanied by pain
renal failure
failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function
renal hypertension
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.
renal ischemia
decrease blood flow to the kidney
renal pelvis
Central collecting region in the kidney
renal transplantation
Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.
renal tubule
Microscopic tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration
renal vein
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
renin
An enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney
retrograde pyelogram
x-ray imaging of the kidneys, ureters and bladder after the injection of contrast th tough he urinary catheter into the ureters.
secondary hypertension
high blood pressure caused by the effects of another diease
sodium
an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
stricture
abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
trigone
triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the ureters enter and the urethra exits
trigonitis
inflammation of the trigone
urea
major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine
uremia
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure
ureter
tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
ureteroileostomy
New opening between the ureter and ileum
ureterolithotomy
Incision of a ureter for removal of a stone.
urteroneocystostomy
the renal artery and vein of the donor kidney are joined to the recipient kidney's artery and vein and the lower end of the donor ureter is connected to the recipients bladder.
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of the ureter
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urethral stricture
Narrowing of the urethra.
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethroplasty
Surgical repair of the urethra.
uric acid
a nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
urinalysis
the physical chemical and microscopic examination of urine and its components
urinary bladder
hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine
urinary catheterization
passage of a flexible, tubular instument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
urinary incontinence
inability to hold urine in the bladder
urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder
urination
process of expelling urine; also called micturition
vesicoureteral reflux
Backflow of urine from the urinary bladder to the ureters.
voiding
emptying of urine from the urinary bladder
voiding cystourethrogram
x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding urine
Wilms tumor
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood