What term describes all of the DNA found in all organism's chromosomes?
genome
A large molecule that is composed of repeating units of smaller building blocks is called a(n)
macromolecule
The building blocks of DNA are called
nucleotides
In a eukaryotic cell, the chromosomes are contained in the
cell nucleus
The complete set of proteins that a cell makes at a given time is called its
proteome
An enzyme is a protein that
accelerates a chemical reaction
The abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid is
DNA
What are the subunits of DNA?
nucleotides
What are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in the nucleotides that make up DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine (TAGC)
In a DNA molecule, information is contained in the sequence of
nitrogenous bases
The genetic code directs the order of _ within a polypeptide based on the sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule
amino acids
In living cells, DNA is found in large structures called _, which are contained in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell.
chromosomes
The process of using a gene sequence to affect the characteristics of cells and organisms is called gene _
expression
When a structural gene is expressed, its DNA sequence is _ into RNA, which is then _ to produce a polypeptide.
transcribed, translated
During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a sequence of _.
RNA
When a protein-encoding gene is transcribed, the RNA molecule that is produced is referred to as ___ RNA. (mRNA)
messenger
What is translation?
the synthesis of a polypeptide based on the sequence of mRNA.
What is a genetic cross?
The breeding of two individuals and the analysis of their offspring
What area of genetics focuses on the biochemical understanding of DNA and gene expression?
molecular genetics
The study of mutant genes with abnormal function in order to better understand the function of a normal gene is referred to as a(n) ____ approach.
...